ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕВОЛЮЦІЇ ВЗДОВЖБЕРЕГОВОЇ ЛІТОДИНАМІЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ «ТЕНДРА-ДЖАРИЛГАЧ» В УМОВАХ АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ

Abstract

У процесі написання статті досліджено вздовжберегові літодинамічні системи, які поширені в межах берегової зони України, серед яких найбільш специфічною є «Тендра-Джарилгач». Описано структурні та динамічні зміни, які відбулися в межах даної системи в результаті антропогенної діяльності і які активно проявляються більше 20 років і істотно впливають на еволюцію даної природної системи. В процессе написания статьи исследованы вдольбереговые литодинамические системы, которые распространены в пределах береговой зоны Украины, среди которых наиболее специфичной является «Тендра-Джарылгач». Описаны структурные и динамические изменения, которые произошли в пределах данной системы в результате антропогенной деятельности и активно проявляются более 20 лет, существенно влияя на эволюцию данной природной системы. Alongshore lithodynamic systems were investigated within the coastal zone of Ukraine, among which Tendra-Dzharylgach is the most specific. The structural and dynamic changes were described that have occurred within the framework of this system as a result of anthropogenic activity and which are actively manifested over 20 years and have a significant effect on the evolution of this natural system. Analysis of evolution conditions within this system allowed us to point out three stages of its development: natural development, anthropogenic transformation, adaptation and partial restoration. It was established that at the stage of natural development, the features of evolution of this system was manifested in the form of a gradual, permanent retreat of its frontal part in the northern direction with the simultaneous extension of its distal edges. During the stage of anthropogenic transformation within the limits of litodynamic system the structure of alongshore sediment flow was transformed as a result of building the coastal protection complexes. Therefore, along the natural transit zone appeared areas of discharge and local supply areas with the corresponding forms of relief. At the stage of anthropogenic transformation within the system appeared technogenic areas, the evolution of which is significantly differ from the general direction of the change of the entire system, while at unprotected areas increased rates of abrasion and erosion, compared with the natural stage. At the beginning of the stage of adaptation and restoration, the activation of morphodynamic processes occurred, as a result of transformation of the sediment flow, which in some areas became catastrophic.