Abstract:
У статті на підставі офіційних статистичних даних проведена оцінка
величини генетичного тягаря херсонської популяції, обумовленого
вродженою хромосомною патологією. Частота генетично обумовлених
вроджених вад розвитку новонароджених виявилася істотно вищою (1,33 Ѓ}
0,018‰) за середні показники в Україні (0,99 Ѓ} 0,014‰). Провідне місце в їх
структурі займає синдром Дауна (популяційна частота 1,08 Ѓ} 0,09‰; в
Україні – 0,86‰),друге – синдром Патау (0,057 Ѓ} 0,018‰; в Україні –
0,016‰), синдром Едвардса (0,028 Ѓ} 0,01‰) і Тернера (0,020 Ѓ} 0,01‰).
Причому частота двох останніх хромосомних аномалій серед немовлят
суттєво не відрізнялася від аналогічних показників в Україні (відповідно
0,027 Ѓ} 0,002‰ і 0,021 Ѓ} 0,003‰).
У сільських популяціях області протягом останніх п’яти років
спостерігається статистично достовірне збільшення частоти хромосомної
патології (з 1,09 до 1,95‰), тоді як в обласному центрі відбувається
протилежний процес – поступове зниження цього
показника, що потребує подальшого моніторингового дослідження. В статье на основании официальных статистических данных
проведена оценка величины
генетического груза херсонской популяции, обусловленного врожденной
хромосомной патологией. Час-
тота генетически обусловленных врожденных пороков развития
новорожденных оказалась существенно
выше (1,33 Ѓ} 0,018‰), чем средние показатели в украинских популяциях
(0,99 Ѓ} 0,014‰). Ведущее место
в их структуре занимает синдром Дауна (популяционная частота 1,08 Ѓ}
0,095‰; в Украине – 0,86‰),далее – синдром Патау (0,057 Ѓ} ‰; в Украине –
0,016‰), синдромы Едвардса (0,028 Ѓ} 0,01‰) и Тернера
(0,020 Ѓ} 0,01‰). Причем частота двух последних хромосомных аномалий
среди живорожденных существен-
но не отличается от аналогичных показателей в Украине (соответственно
0,027 Ѓ} 0,002‰ и 0,021 Ѓ} 0,003‰).
В сельских популяциях области в течение последних пяти лет наблюдается
статистически достоверное
увеличение частоты хромосомной патологии (з 1,09 до 1,95‰), тогда как в
обласном центре происходит
противоположный процесс – постепенное снижение этого показателя, что
требует проведения дальнейше-
го мониторингового исследования. In the article on the basis of official statistics assessed the magnitude of
the genetic load of the
Kherson population due to a congenital chromosomal abnormality.
Poor health and reproduction of the population, leads to a reduction of population
in Ukraine is linked with the
negative of the genetic processes in the Ukrainian populations. Important
informative characteristics, reflecting the
integral concerning the condition of and direction of the flow of genetic processes
in a population is the amount and
structure of genetic load, in particular, its important component – chromosomal
pathology.
According to official statistics of the Ministry of health of Ukraine, the frequency
of registered congenital
malformation among newborns in Ukraine was 22,76 Ѓ} 0,07 ‰ (2,276 Ѓ} 0,007
%). Among them, the proportion of
genetically caused congenital amounted to 52.2 %, and their prevalence in Ukraine
during the years of the study did
not suffer significant changes and amounted to an average of 0.99 Ѓ} 0,014‰.
Children-carriers of chromosomal pathology, live births, and were more often
diagnosed with down syndrome
(average frequency 0,86‰), in second place in prevalence of trisomy 18 (Edwards
syndrome) with a frequency
of 0.027‰, the third – Turner syndrome (of 0.021‰), the fourth – trisomy 13
(patau syndrome) with a frequency
0,016‰ . And one of nosology, which refers to the ”model” malformations, over
the years there was observed the
tendency to reduce their frequency.
With the decline of the permanent population of the Kherson region and the
decrease of birth rate growth
population frequency of congenital malformations in the cohort of newborns (from
24.2‰ in 2000 to a total of
35.1‰ in 2011). With the prevalence of the “model” shortcomings during this
period has not changed significantly
(the average frequency of 5. 9 Ѓ} 0,02‰), indicating a maintain in the population a
certain level of mutational process.
The increase in the prevalence of malformations observed in the districts of the
region (from 22.7‰ to 29.9‰) and
in the regional centre (of 23.2‰ to 46.1‰).
In Kherson region there has been a gradual increase in the population frequency of
genetic defects among
newborns (χ2 = 30,1). Comparative analysis of frequency of their occurrence over
four-year periods over the years,
studies have found a statistically significant increase of this indicator with 1,085‰
to 1.37‰ with maximum in 2006-
2009 (a 1.54 ‰). This increase in prevalence in populations due to hereditary
malformations occurred due to the
increase in the frequency of down syndrome (from 0.83 to 1.04‰) with a
maximum also in 2006-2009 (1,375‰)
and patau syndrome (from 0.025‰ 0.04‰) with the highest rate in 2006-2009 –
0,105 ‰.
The frequency of genetically determined congenital malformations of the
newborns was significantly higher
(1,33 Ѓ} 0,018‰) average in Ukraine (0,99 Ѓ} 0,014‰). The leading place in the
structure is the Down syndrome
(population-based frequency of 1,08 Ѓ} 0,095‰; in Ukraine – 0,86‰), the second
– Patau syndrome (0,057 Ѓ} 0,018‰;
in Ukraine – 0,016‰), Edwards syndrome (0,028 Ѓ} 0,01‰) and Turner syndrome
(0,020 Ѓ} 0,01‰). Moreover, the
frequency of the last two chromosomal anomalies among newborns does not differ
significantly from similar indices
in Ukraine (respectively 0,027 Ѓ} 0,002‰ and 0,021 Ѓ} 0,003‰).
General population prevalence of genetic abnormalities in infants was significantly
higher than that in the
regional center (3,7‰) than in districts (2,34‰).
In rural populations of the region in the past five years there has been a statistically
significant increase in the
frequency of chromosomal pathology (from 1.09 to 1.95‰), whereas in the
regional center is the opposite process
– a gradual decline, which requires further monitoring studies.
In the future further research should focus on identifying the causes a statistically
significant increase in the
prevalence of genetically determined pathology of newborns in the Kherson region
in comparison with the average
in Ukraine, in particular, births of children with down syndrome, and identifying
causes of increased frequency of
chromosomal pathology of newborns in the rural populations of the region.