МІЖНАРОДНА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ЦИВІЛЬНОЇ АВІАЦІЇ (ІКАО) ТА ЇЇ РОЛЬ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ НАВІГАЦІЇ

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано діяльність Міжнародної організації цивільної авіації у сфері забезпечення функціонування комунікаційних систем навігації. Здійснено правовий аналіз низки резолюцій та робочих документів ІКАО, в яких йдеться про права та обов’язки суб’єктів експлуатації супутникових навігаційних систем. Охарактеризовано процес експлуатації КСН із позиції визначення меж відповідальності між усіма суб’єктами, задіяними в цьому процесі. The article analyzes the activities of the International Civil Aviation Organization in the field of ensuring the functioning of communication and navigation systems. A legal analysis of a number of ICAO resolutions and working documents on the rights and responsibilities of the provider of a navigation system has been carried out. It is noted that ICAO continues to be actively involved in the development of international mechanisms for regulating the use of satellite signals, both for aviation and maritime transport. Based on the legal analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization, it occupies an important place in the process of legal regulation of relations in the field of communication and navigation systems, and the use of satellite navigation resources is comprehensive and takes place on the global level. It has been proved that the Resolution A32-19 “Charter of the Law and Responsibilities of States Related to GNSS Services” rightly occupies an important place in the international legal regulation of international relations in the field of aviation security. It is noted that the process of operation of communication and navigation systems is ambiguous in determining the limits of responsibility of all entities involved in this process. It was found that when the process of providing air services is not an absolute obligation of the state, aviation security is provided by the state, regardless of its political will and practical ability. Depending on the state of development of the communication infrastructure, the legal position of different states in relation to the issue of liability for the consequences of activities related to the use of satellite navigation resources differs. It has been established that the vast majority of states do not take a direct part in the work of the communication and navigation systems, but are forced to rely on the reliability of satellite navigation systems. In such circumstances, countries-consumers of navigation services seek to receive in the air an accurate and continuous satellite signal, as well as reliable and integrated services in the field of communication and navigation systems of guaranteed quality.