FREEDOM AND JUSTICE IN THE THEORY OF JURISPRUDENCE

Abstract

Historically, the concept of “positive law” was formed by the natural law school, under which law of each country, which is effective, alters based on legislative will due to changes in social life. Such changes often contradict natural law which is common to all peoples, permanent and fixed, and determined by the unique nature of man. The author considers the very term “positive law”, which is used in the legal meaning, to characterize legal rules which tangibly (impartially) exist and find specific implementation (action) in the relevant legal relations. At the level of positive law, legal provisions having legal force differ from those standards which have been canceled or have lost their validity, as well as from concepts of standards which have not yet been adopted, but there is a need to take them into account in the future (bills, proposals, requests, legal ideas, etc.). The author concludes that the Latin term “delegelata” (subject to the law in force) is sometimes used in this sense to characterize positive law. If a specific issue is not settled by the current law, but its resolution is desired, the phrase “delegeferenda” (according to the subsequent adopted law) is used. Therefore, the modern realities of the development of Ukraine as an independent state demand the clarification of the essence and peculiarities of the functioning of current law like never before, that is, written, positive law based on a correct understanding of the terms of freedom and justice as categories which render and elucidate the problematic components of the process of democratization of the state and society in the legislator’s contemporary interpretation. At the same time, it should always be kept in mind that the desire to implement the mentioned fundamental principles of law cannot be deliberately hyperbolized and transformed into anarchy or totalitarianism, thereby endangering the existence of society. Дослідження понять свободи та справедливості як філософських категорій проводяться вже три- валий час. Категорія права є досить вивченою. Проте в теорії права мало приділяється уваги роз- криттю сутності «позитивного права» як реальної форми права. Взаємозв'язок форми та матерії (відповідність права таким категоріям як справедливість, рівність, свобода, гуманізм) виступає тією складовою, яка характеризує сутнісну основу права щодо регулювання суспільних відносин.