ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕОЛОГО-ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ КОС И ПЕРЕСЫПЕЙ СЕВЕРНОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ АЗОВСКОГО МОРЯ

Abstract

В статье раскрыты особенности геолого-геоморфологического строения аккумулятивных форм северного побережья Азовского моря в связи с геологическим строением и морскими гидрометеорологическими условиями. Представлена обобщенная схема морфогенетического расчленения кос «азовского типа». У статті розкриті особливості геолого-геоморфологічної будови акумулятивних форм північного узбережжя Азовського моря у зв’язку з геологічною будовою і морськими гідрометеорологічними умовами. Представлена узагальнена схема морфогенетичного розчленування кіс «азовського типу». A number of works of scientists I.N Lobanov, A.A. Aksenov, V.I. Budanov, B.A. Shlyamin, V.P. Zenkovich, F.A Shcherbakov, V.A. Mamykina, Yu.P. Hrustalev, were devoted to the geomorphological structure of the Azov-Black Sea coast. G.G. Matishov described the modern studies of the geomorphology of the northern coast, he examined the geomorphology, sedimentation and pelagic formations of the Azov Sea in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The study of the morphological structure of spits and shoal of the northern Sea of Azov coast is of great importance for determining the characteristics of the spits development and dynamics in time. Geomorphological features of accumulative forms at the northern Azov Sea coast caused by its geostructural position at the junction of the Black Sea basin and Near Azov crystalline array. Within the studying area, there are six large accumulative formations − five spits Krivaya, Belosarayskaya, Berdyanskaya, Obitochnaya, Fedotova and one crossing of Molochniy estuary. For all spits of the northern Azov Sea coast, the number of similar geomorphological features is typical. The eastern side of the braid has a rectilinear shape, and the western concave curve directed towards the land, complicated by bays and lagoons. All spits rejected the general direction stretch shore at an angle, which is equal to 45°. The spits have a triangular extension of accumulative origin at the junction of the coast. The end of the spits is extended and bent to the west or northwest. Aligned east coast has storm shaft which is 1.5 meters in height. Behind it, there are placed rows of hills, fortified by vegetation. These hills are the remains of the previous storm shafts that have accumulated gradually during the formation of the spit. The band of these hills may have a width of 200 m. Towards the western side of the spits, there are stretching plains, complexed by elements of the micro-relief in the form of sand and shell ridges up to 30 cm. Between them, there is the descent of oval or elongated shape in the direction of the spit form stretch. In some of these depressions may be water bodies of 30-50 cm in depth, which bottom is covered with a dark gray or black silt with lots of organic residues and impurities shells. The most typical forms of relief on spits and overflow are beach ridges, hills covered with grasses, lagoon lakes, little islands, storm shafts, and sand dunes.