РОЗВИТОК ПРАВОВОГО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ФІКСУВАННЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО ПРОВАДЖЕННЯ

Abstract

У статті досліджено основні етапи розвитку кримінально-процесуального законодавства, щодо закріплення використання науково-технічних засобів в кримінальному провадженні. Проаналізовано основні чинники, які зумовлюють необхідність правового закріплення здобутків криміналістики та інших наук у правозастосовчій діяльності. Запропоновано внесення змін до чинного законодавства з питань застосування окремих науково-технічних засобів при проведенні слідчих (розшукових) дій. В статье исследованы основные этапы развития уголовно-процессуального законодательства, по закреплению использования научно-технических средств в уголовном производстве. Проанализированы основные факторы, которые обусловливают необходимость правового закрепления достижений криминалистики и других наук в правоприменительной деятельности. Предложено внесение изменений в действующее законодательство по вопросам применения отдельных научнотехнических средств при проведении следственных (розыскных) действий. The article investigates the main stages of the development of criminal-procedural legislation, as well as the strengthening of the use of scientific and technical means in criminal proceedings. The opinion is that the development of criminology and other sciences as well as the needs of practice is the basis for the development of criminal-procedural legislation in the field of application of scientific and technical means. The author analyzes the norms of the Criminal Procedural Codes of Ukrainian SSR in 1922 and 1927. The indicated normative acts did not contain provisions on the use of scientific and technical means in criminal proceedings. However, as the analysis of the scientific works of theoretical scholars and materials of practice shows, it can be argued that scientific and technical means were used when investigating and disclosing crimes. The active development of science and technology in the second half of the twentieth century led to the emergence in the 1960 Code of Criminal Procedure of the Ukrainian SSR of rules that allowed the use of photographing, video recording, audio recording, etc., in conducting investigative actions. However, despite the progressive provisions regarding the use of scientific and technical means, the legal regulation of the procedure and the grounds for their involvement needed to be finalized by both academics and legislators. The adoption of the new Code of Criminal Procedure in 2012 has become a new impetus for improving the legal regulation of the use of scientific and technical means in criminal proceedings. Having determined the general provisions of the application of scientific and technical means, the CPC of Ukraine contains separate articles defining the peculiarities of this process in carrying out separate investigative actions, for example, interrogation, presentation to recognition, etc. As a result of the study of problematic issues of legal regulation of the use of scientific and technical means in criminal proceedings, the author proposed to amend existing legislation. Yes, it is argued that the application of special equipment in investigative practice requires the involvement of a specialist. It is also noted that the obligatory complete fixation of all investigative actions by means of video recording, with the subsequent inclusion of video materials for criminal proceedings, should be fixed at the legislative level.