Методичні особливості вивчення теми: «Чорні діри» в процесі підготовки майбутніх учителів фізики та астрономії

Abstract

У статті запропоновано методичні поради щодо вивчення чорних дір у процесі підготовки майбутніх учителів фізики та астрономії. Акцентовано увагу на тих проблемних методичних і методологічних моментах, які виникають при вивченні історії досліджень цих о б ’єктів, визначення поняття "чорна діра", еволюції цього поняття, з ’ясування природи сингулярності, пов’язаної з чорними дірами. The study o f black holes is considered to be one o f the most difficult topics o f General Astronomy course. For a complete reasoned exposition o f this subject is possible only on the basis o f Einstein’s Theory o f General Relativity, which is not studied in most o f the universities. On the other hand, scientists in different spheres (physicists, astronomers) can not actually find a complete consensus on the existence o f black holes. The reason o f this is that modern physics is unable to describe the inside o f a black hole. I f nothing can stop gravity the star, from which a black hole has to shrink, should be minimized in dot size. There the state o f infinite density (the socalled singularity) has to emerge, which contradicts the law o f physics. Therefore, the presentation o f this topic in existing textbooks on astronomy is extremely limited and cautious. At the same time the importance o f this material for future physics and astronomy teacher can hardly be overestimated because the history o f black holes studying shows the evolution o f the scientific community ideas about gravity, space and time, the nature o f light since the end o f the 18th century. This tendency reflects the evolution o f the methodology o f physics and astronomy, the formation o f a scientific outlook, the formation o f new physical and astronomical picture of the world. Focusing future physics and astronomy teachers at these methodological and philosophical points will help future professionals to form their holistic modern astrophysical world view. The article offers some methodological advice on studying the black holes in preparation offuture physics and astronomy teachers. The attention is drawn to the problem o f methodical and methodological points arising in the historical research o f these objects, in the definition o f "black hole" concept, the evolution of this concept and in clarifying the nature of the singularity associated with black holes.