МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЙНІ ЗАХОДИ МІСЬКОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ ХЕРСОНА В ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ 19 – ПОЧАТКУ 20 СТ.

Abstract

У статті досліджуються проблеми участі міського самоврядування Херсона у сфері благоустрою у другій половині XIX – на початку XX ст., що є частиною загальної проблеми з діяльності децентралізованих громад- ських інституцій на Півдні України. Метою статті є висвітлення конкретних результатів органів міського самоврядування Херсона щодо модернізації міського простору. Центральне місце належить аналізу модерніза- ційних тенденцій у розвитку інженерно-технічного господарства міста Херсона. Характеризується практична діяльність міського самоврядування з благоустрою місцевого життя. Досліджуються фінансові можливості херсонського бюджету в прибутково-видатковій частині й розглядаються конкретні витрати на оновлення інженерно-технічної інфраструктури міста досліджуваного періоду. У результаті зроблені висновки про роль міського самоврядування в розвитку благоустрою Херсона. In the present article the problem of participation of Kherson’s local self-government in the sphere of town improvement during the second half of the XIX – the beginning of XX cent. is studied, which constitutes the part of general problem in the activity of decentralized civil institutions in the south of Ukraine. The aim of the present article is to interpret concrete results of the activity of Kherson’s local self-government bodies in regard to modernization of the city’s territory. The analysis of modernization tendencies in development of engineering and technical property of the city of Kherson takes the central place in the study. Legislation acts which regulated the sphere of competence of civil government bodies in regard to development of the city’s infrastructure are closely investigated. Practical activity of Kherson’s municipal self-government in the sphere of local life’s improvement is also studied. Financial resources of Kherson’s budget in the revenue-expense items are studied; specific expenditures on renewal of engineering-technical infrastructure of the city of the studied period are investigated in particular. If we take into consideration new problematical issues in comparison with pre-reform administrative guardianship due to which the municipal self-government did not gain nearly anything without coordination with the governor’s office, we can not help noticing achievements of self-government in regard to taking care of town improvement after the reform in 1870. Peculiarity of the modernization process in Kherson in comparison with other towns was that water supplies, canalization and electrical lightning were conducted not simultaneously in the city, but separately in each part and only after the problem had previously been studied in detail and the calculation done in regard to what extent those innovations would be useful for the city’s budget. Since the deputies of local self-government, in the majority, were house-owners, new engineering and technical measures were conducted in their houses. As a result, some conclusions are made in regard to the role the local self-government played in the sphere of Kherson’s town improvement in the studied period. It is clarified that the modernization in town improvement in the city started after the town reform in 1870, which ensured more independence for the city council, whereas the acme of modernization process fell in 1880–1910. Notwithstanding the activity the local self-government demonstrated in modernizing engineering and technical infrastructure, the results of it were not spread over the whole city’s territory: suburbs were still devoid of civilization innovations, which displeased a plenty of local inhabitants.