Browsing by Author "Slinko, D."

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A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN OF LIABILITY FOR THE KILLING OF A NEWBORN CHILD.
(2025) Stratonov, V.; Slinko, S.; Slinko, D.
The article reveals a complex of theoretical and practical problems inherent in infanticide—one of the unique forms of criminal behaviour. The range of problems affects the methodological, historical, criminological, cultural, and psychological aspects. The object of the research was a complex of system-forming elements of the phenomenon of infanticide as a unique form of criminal tort. In the study, the following general scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, system-structural. In the study, the following specific scientific methods were used: comparative-historical, comparative-legal, expert assessment. The aim of the article includes the disclosure of basic theoretical and practical aspects of infanticide and the determination of the society’s legal attitude to the per son who has committed the crime. The novelty of the study consists in revealing the historical aspects of the criminal unlawful act against children that has taken place over the centuries. Based on the historical background, the criminal legal and procedural mecha nism for the disclosure and investigation of this crime is considered. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were ob tained. The criminal legal composition of the crime of infanticide has always been alarming not only in the state, but also in society. Public conviction in the case of a mother killing her newborn child was more severe than criminal punishment. A woman unable to raise a child, wanting to escape from shame, commits his/her murder. There are cases when a woman in labour, being in a somatic post-partum state, does not give account for her actions, does not take measures to save the baby, which results in the death of the newborn. In both cases, the newborn loses the most precious thing—life. The genesis of the development of the criminal law doctrine of the state clearly shows the legislative consolidation of illegal actions. Criminal liability, in each case, proceeds from the circum stances of the commission of the crime. The analysis of the criminal law on prosecuting mothers for killing their children indicates that, during its historical development, the state established criminal liability in relation to women in labour and to third parties. The sanctions for the murder of a newborn child were different, based on historical periods, religious principles, and geographical loca tion. The state and society condemned women for extramarital affairs and prosecuted them for committing infanticide. An important qualifying feature of this crime is the abandonment of a child after childbirth. The historical approach indicates that this social insti tution was initially practically undeveloped. With the development of the legislation, this provision was enshrined in the disposition of legal norms. In this case, this indicates the attitude of the state and society to the life of the child.
HISTORICAL WAY OF FORMING TERRORISM AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON
(2023) Stratonov, V.; Slinko, D.; Kazmierczak, L. F.; Alves, F.de Brito
TThe article examines the main theoretical constructs and practical aspects of terrorism. The world and European countries pray for peacekeeping and oppose all manifestations of terrorism. The UN international organizations and the leaders of the European countries are constantly considering the solution of the main problem of peacekeeping through the fight against our favorite criminal manifestations, among which terrorism is one of them. At the state level, terrorist organizations are banned, they are prosecuted by criminal justice bodies, the leaders of these organizations are identified and held criminal ly responsible, the possibilities of financing terrorist organizations are limited, and so on. Ukraine, which is under constant terrorist threat from the Russian Federation, feels all the elements of terrorism. The number of civilians and residents killed exceeds thousands. Russia's war against Ukraine is a financial blow to the economy, estimated to be in the billions. Terrorism is not limited to one state but creates the conditions for globalization and its export in various forms. In particular, the conclusions emphasize the evolution of the development of terrorism over the past two centuries, as well as the magnitude of terrorist actions committed, which forms the basis for rethinking value orientations.
КРИТЕРІЇ ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНОЇ САМОСТІЙНОСТІ СЛІДЧОГО
(2022) Слінько, Д. С.; Слінько, С. В.; Стратонов, В. М.; Slinko, D.; Slinko, S.; Stratonov, V.
Самостійність слідчого була та залишається основним процесуальним інститутом, який встановлює статус, процедуру, процесуальний порядок проведення слідчих (роз- шукових) дій, негласних слідчих (розшукових) дій, встановлення вини підозрюваного, визначення істини в кримінальному провадженні. Слідчий, як сторона обвинувачення, виконує різні за своїм призначенням функції. З одного боку, він збирає фактичні дані, факти, докази вини підозрюваного. З іншого, він сприяє здійсненню функції захисту, оскільки повинен виконувати клопотання захисника щодо встановлення невинуватості підозрюваного. Крім того, він забезпечує функцію досудового розслідування, встановлює істину. На підставі виконання завдань кримінального процесу слідчий повинен проводити досудове розслідування, використовуючи різні засоби, серед яких слідчі (розшукові) дії, негласні слідчі (розшукові) дії. Чинний КПК України обмежує процедуру та процесуальний порядок проведення даних дій, тому слідчий використовує свої знання, професійний підхід та інші можливості пізнавальної діяльності. Ці критерії процесуальної діяльності слідчого покладені в основу його процесуальної самостійності та залишаються новизною у теоретичних розробках вчених. The independence of the investigator was and remains the main procedural institution that establishes the status, procedure, procedural order of conducting investigative (search) actions, establishing the suspect’s guilt, and determining the truth in criminal proceedings. The investigator, as a party to the prosecution, performs various functions according to his purpose. On the one hand, as an accused, he collects actual data, facts, evidence of the suspect’s guilt. On the other hand, he must perform the function of protection, since he must fulfi ll the request of the defender to establish the innocence of the suspect. In addition, it performs the function of pre-trial investigation, establishes the truth. On the basis of the performance of the tasks of the criminal process, the investigator must conduct a pre-trial investigation, namely investigative (search) actions. The current Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine limits the procedure and procedural order of carrying out these actions, therefore the investigator must use his knowledge, professional approach and the basics of life during the pre-trial investigation. These criteria of procedural independence of the investigator are laid as the basis of his procedural independence and remain a novelty in theoretical developments of scientists.