Browsing by Author "Zahrai, L."

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    CONSTRUCTING A STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS OF THE PERSONALITY
    (2020) Popovych, I. S.; Borysiuk, А.; Zahrai, L.; Fedoruk, О.; Nosov, Р.; Zinchenko, S.; Mateichuk, V.; Попович, І. С.; Борисюк, А.; Заграй, Л.; Федорук, О.; Носов, П.; Зінченко, С.; Матейчук, В.
    The purpose of the study is to construct and substantiate the structural-functional model of social expectations of the personality. A completely new approach to understanding and organizing the study of social expectations of the personality is proposed. Social expectations as a process and result of a person’s mental activity are theoretically substantiated. The methodology of the study was a systematic approach which allowed to solve the problem holistically. It was determined the verified system of principles on which the modeling of social expectations of the personality was based. It is stated that the following principles are based on the development of the structural-functional model: systematicity and integrity of the researched subject, complex approach to the research subject, reflection of the internal and external world of the research subject, interdependence of internal and external factors of the research, principle of functionality and social determinism of the researched subject, the principle of subjectivity. The structural and functional model of social expectations of personality was constructed, which allowed to study internal determinants, psychological parameters of social expectations of personality. Ten functions of the structural-functional model of social expectations of the personality are distinguished. Метою дослідження є конструювання та обґрунтування структурно-функціональної моделі соціальних очікувань особистості. Запропоновано абсолютно новий підхід до розуміння й організації дослідження соціальних очікувань особистості. Теоретично обґрунтовано соціальні очікування як процес і результат психічної активності людини. Методологію дослідження склав системний підхід, що дозволив цілісно розкрити зазначену проблему. Визначено верифіковану систему принципів, на яких базувалося моделювання соціальних очікувань особистості. Зазначено, що в основу розробки структурно-функціональної моделі закладено наступні принципи: системності і цілісності досліджуваного предмету, комплексного підходу до предмету дослідження, відображення внутрішнього і зовнішнього світу суб’єкта дослідження, взаємозалежності внутрішніх та зовнішніх чинників дослідження, принцип функціональності та соціального детермінізму досліджуваного предмету, принцип суб’єктності. Сконструйовано структурно-функціональну модель соціальних очікувань особистості, яка дозволила дослідити внутрішні детермінанти, психологічні параметри соціальних очікувань особистості. Виокремлено десять функцій структурно-функціональної моделі соціальних очікувань особистості.
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    PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTENT PARAMETERS OF ATTENTION IN THE STRUCTURE OF TIME PERSPECTIVE OF YOUNG FEMALE ATHLETES: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
    (2023) Popovych, I. S.; Hulias, I.; Serbin, Iy.; Piletska, L.; Zahrai, L.; Mashchak, S.; Попович, І. С.
    The purpose of the research is to determine dependence of the parameters of attention on the dominating time perspective and compare significant differences in the representatives of individual and team sports. The research participants are female athletes of sports schools for children and youth. The sample of individual sports (Group 1) included representatives of rhythmic gymnastics and track and field (n = 35; 52.24%). The sample of team sports (Group 2) involved of handball players and volleyball players (n = 32; 47.76%). Research methods applied: “Schulte Tables” (Rogov, 1999), “Landolt C Rings”, (Pashukova et al., 1996); “Munsterberg Test” (Pashukova et al., 1996); “Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory” (Zimbardo & Gonzalez, 1984). Results. A graphical structure of young female athletes’ time perspective was created. No significant differences between the parameters of attention between the athletes in individual (Group 1) and team sports (Group 2) were found. The research substantiates that the formation of the parameters of attention in youth does not depend on a kind of sport. Correlations between the parameters of attention and the parameters of time perspective were determined (р<.05; р<.01). It was established that the future (F) has most significant correlations – four – with the main parameters of attention: stability (.095; p≤.05), concentration (.107; p≤.05), volume (.212; p≤.01) and selectivity (.094; p≤.05). It was emphasized that domination of orientation towards the future in the dimensions of attention is a factor of successful educational and training activities of young female athletes. There were differences between the groups of athletes with different parameters of attention determined by the median (Me). It was proved that the formation of high levels of attention ensures achievement of the results of educational and training activities of young female athletes and focuses their activity in the dimensions of time orientations: the future (F), the hedonistic present (HP), the positive past (PP). Conclusions. The obtained empirical facts should be operationalized into educational and training activities at sports schools for children and youth.
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    RESEARCH ON RISK INCLINATION OF YOUNG FEMALE ATHLETES IN THE DIMENSIONS OF LIFE ORIENTATIONS
    (2023) Tavrovetska, N.; Popovych, I. S.; Savchuk, O.; Piletskа, L.; Lappo, V.; Abramian, N.; Zahrai, L.; Попович, І. С.
    Purpose of the study is to conduct empirical research and theoretically substantiate the impact of the parameters of life orientations (dispositional optimism, positive and negative expectations) on risk inclination of young female athletes. The sample of research participants involved representatives of six teams from different regions of Ukraine in team (Group 1) and individual sports (Group 2): handball (n=61; 59.80%) and track and field (n=41; 40.20%). The respondents included representatives of the Championship of Ukraine (Junior League) and regular participants of International, European and World sports competitions as members of the national team of Ukraine. Methods: valid psycho-diagnostic instruments, Н-test of Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rs) and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results. It was established that Group 1 has an advantage over Group 2 by the parameters of risk inclination: emotional inclination (H=13.683; p<.001), controlling-regulating inclination (H=9.997; p=.002) and by the parameter of life orientations – positive expectations (H=3.998; p=.046). It was established and substantiated that the parameters of life orientations of young female athletes are the factors determining the motive for achieving success and affecting risk inclination. The strongest positive correlations of negative expectations with the assessment of risk inclination (rs=.685; р<.010) and motivation for achieving success (rs=.425; р<.010) are an evidence of excessive, immoderate aspiration to achieve a desirable result, which can lead to instant, phenomenal success, or failure, disappointment and even physical and psychoemotional traumas. On the contrary, moderate mindset, systemic training, improving tactical-technical actions and personal technical mastery reinforce positive expectations and boost dispositional optimism, contributing to young athletes’ understanding that they are on the right track and their victory is inevitable. There were statistically significant differences in the respondents in the comparison of a low level (Group I) and a high level of dispositional optimism (Group II) in a number of parameters. The study substantiated that a high level of dispositional optimism is orientation towards cognitive and behavioral risk inclination accompanied by positive and negative expectations with dominance of motivation for achieving success. Conclusions. We generalized that the parameters of life orientations affect risk inclination of young female athletes. Motivation for achieving success and avoiding failure and risk inclination are predictors of life orientations of young female athletes, designing their career in sports. The obtained results should be taken into consideration by trainers working with young female athletes.
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    Research on the Experience of Users of Political Slogans in Ukraine
    (2021) Tkach, B.; Lytvynchuk, L.; Popovych, I. S.; Blynova, O.; Zahrai, L.; Piletska, L.; Ткач, Б. М.; Литвинчук, Л. М.; Попович, І. С.; Блинова, О. Є.; Заграй, Л. Д.; Пілецька, Л. С.
    The study partly reveals “Zelenskyi’s phenomenon”, when a person without any political experience confidently won a victory over an experienced politician at the presidential and parliamentary elections. The paper considered neuropsychological understanding of a brand as a multi modal image with emotional connection and as an artificial addiction. Specific features of the perception of political slogans were studied with EMOTIV Epoc+ 14-channel mobile neurointerface and EmotivPRO and EMOTIV Brain Activity Map software. The ranking of slogans in terms of the efficiency of perception of the individuals of 40-60 years old was carried out on the basis of EEG and the cognitive and emotional indexes: obtained stress, interaction, interest, excitement, concentration, relaxation. The study involved 30 men and 30 women who intended to vote in the presidential elections of 2019. It was established which slogans are the best, good, average, ambiguous, with little effect, ineffective, with a negative effect. It was determined that the most effective and at the same time efficient slogan that evokes emotions and really encourages to support is PRESIDENT IS PEOPLE’S SERVANT. The best slogan that appeals to support it is “We Are Ukraine”, “New Policy of Ukraine”, “Country of Strong People!” The basic cognitive and emotional indexes that would contribute to the creation of effective psychological impact on voters’ behavior are the presence in the slogan of the word “Ukraine”, the avoidance of the so-called “stop words” (for women it is “army” and everything related to violence and death, and for men it is everything related to the provision of material benefits), the use of religious sentimentality in women and gender differences in slogans targeting. The value of the studied phenomenon and the efficiency of slogans and other media products before launching them into mass advertising has been proved. У статті частково розкрито “феномен Зеленського”, коли особистість не маючи жодного політичного досвіду упевнено перемагає досвідченого політика на президентських та парламентських виборах. У статті висвітлено результати емпіричних досліджень, що дозволяють об’єктивно оцінити ефективність зовнішньої реклами політичних гасел. Розглянуто методи оцінки ефективності гасел. Висвітлено концепцію розуміння впізнаваності бренда як мультимодального способу з емоційним зв’язком та як штучної залежності. Акцент зроблено на аналізуванні розумової діяльності людини в процесі засвоєння та використання мови. Представлені засоби розташування та умови дослідження. Особливості сприйняття політичних гасел вивчали за допомогою EMOTIV Epoc + 14-канальний мобільний нейроінтерфейс та програмне забезпечення EmotivPRO та EMOTIV Brain Activity Map. Гасла, що варіюються щодо сприйняття ефективності у осіб у віці від 40 до 60 років, проводились на основі ЕЕГ та результуючих когнітивних та емоційних факторів: стрес, взаємодія, інтерес, збудження, концентрація, розслабленість. У дослідженні взяли участь 30 чоловіків та 30 жінок, які мають намір голосувати на президентських виборах 2019 року. Встановлено, які гасла є найкращими, добрими, ані хорошими, ані поганими, неоднозначними, неефективними, не вражаючими та тими, що мають негативний ефект. Було виявлено, що найкращим та одночасно ефективним слоганом, який викликає емоції та справді спонукає підтримати, є ПРЕЗИДЕНТ – НАРОДНИЙ СЛУГА. Найкращим гаслом, яке закликає його підтримати, є «Ми – Україна», «Нова політика України», «Держава сильних людей!» Основними когнітивними та емоційними показниками, які могли б сприяти створенню ефективного психологічного впливу на поведінку виборців, є наявність у слогані слова «Україна», уникання так званих «стоп-слів» (для жінок це армія та все, що пов’язано з насильством та смертю, а для чоловіків – це все, що пов’язано з наданням матеріальних благ), використання релігійної сентиментальності у жінок та гендерні відмінності у націлюваних гаслах. Доведено цінність досліджуваного явища та ефективність гасел та інших засобів масової інформації до запуску їх у масову рекламу.
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    TYPES OF PRECOMPETITION ANXIETY AMONG JUNIOR ATHLETES
    (2024) Popovych, I. S.; Sirko, R.; Dushka, A.; Slobodianyk, V.; Stelmakh, O.; Pylypenko, L.; Zahrai, L.; Попович, І. С.
    The aim of the research is to categorize the types of precompetition anxiety experienced by junior athletes immediately before official sports events. Methods: Valid and reliable psychodiagnostic tools, well-established in sports research, were utilized to accurately measure anxiety phenomena in junior athletes. Results: Descriptive frequency characteristics were analyzed to construct a comprehensive profile of pre-competition anxiety among the participants. K-means clustering identified four distinct types: "Destructive Anxiety Disorder" (DAD) (n = 42; 13.13%); "Personal Precompetition Anxiety" (PPA) (n = 120; 37.50%); "Situational Precompetition Anxiety" (SPA) (n = 102; 31.87%); and "Social Unprotected Anxiety" (SUA) (n = 56; 17.50%). Notably, DAD is the most concerning type, potentially impacting both performance and the athlete's overall health. Additionally, SUA was identified as posing significant risks. It was explained that this type can become a plateau of stagnation and be transformed into a psychological problem later. It was highlighted that anxiety performs an important function in an athlete’s sporting activities and it is important how efficiently a junior athlete can utilize their resources. We performed comparison of the types of pre-competition anxiety of junior athletes representing team sports (Group 1) and individual sports (Group 2) by Fisher’s criterion (φ). Two statistically significant advantages were established: Group 1 (n = 79; 49.37%) has an advantage by “SPA” (φ = 1.89; р ≤ .05); Group 2 (n = 42; 26.25%) has an advantage by “SUA” (φ = 2.12; р ≤ .05). Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that the types of junior athletes’ pre-competition anxiety are considered to be psycho-physiological states related to awaiting a sports competition, which are accompanied by psycho-emotional stress, require the development of athletes’ self-regulation, stress-resistance and resilience, and depend on their individual- psychological characteristics, experience and mastery. We recommend that coaching staffs should diagnose the types of pre-competition anxiety that will allow making timely corrections to an athlete’s performance that can have a considerable impact on the result of a sports competition and also protect athletes against traumas.