Факультет бізнесу і права
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Item LEGAL STATUS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES OF INTERPRETERS' PARTICIPATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN UKRAINE AND POLAND: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT(2025) Stratonov, V.; Brykov, V.As a participant in criminal proceedings, the interpreter plays an important role in realizing the right of access to court, guaranteed by Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It is the interpreter who is responsible for establishing proper communication between the parties to the criminal proceedings and ensuring fair and effective adversarial proceedings in cases where one or more participants do not speak the language of the proceedings. The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the role, functions, legal status, and characteristics of the professional activity of translators in criminal procedural legal relations in Ukraine and the Republic of Poland. Given the steady and dynamic processes of globalization in the world, as well as the significant intensification of cooperation and growing integration between the two countries in many areas, this study is particularly relevant and practical. The authors draw attention to the similarities and differences in the legal status of interpreters as participants in criminal proceedings, comparing the procedural legislation of Ukraine and Poland. Thus, it was found that the Ukrainian Criminal Procedure Code describes the procedural legal capacity of interpreters in much greater detail and regulates their rights and obligations more thoroughly. In contrast, Polish legislation on these issues is not limited to the provisions of criminal procedural law, but applies a special law that focuses on the professional activities of translators. The article also compares and analyzes the pros and cons of both government approaches to setting standards, qualifications, and ethical requirements for professional translators who can be involved in criminal proceedings as fully-fledged participants. Based on the comparative analysis, the authors outline a list of urgent problems and current challenges in the field of translation in criminal proceedings. Theoretical and practical recommendations are provided on potential ways to resolve these issues.Item A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN OF LIABILITY FOR THE KILLING OF A NEWBORN CHILD.(2025) Stratonov, V.; Slinko, S.; Slinko, D.The article reveals a complex of theoretical and practical problems inherent in infanticide—one of the unique forms of criminal behaviour. The range of problems affects the methodological, historical, criminological, cultural, and psychological aspects. The object of the research was a complex of system-forming elements of the phenomenon of infanticide as a unique form of criminal tort. In the study, the following general scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, system-structural. In the study, the following specific scientific methods were used: comparative-historical, comparative-legal, expert assessment. The aim of the article includes the disclosure of basic theoretical and practical aspects of infanticide and the determination of the society’s legal attitude to the per son who has committed the crime. The novelty of the study consists in revealing the historical aspects of the criminal unlawful act against children that has taken place over the centuries. Based on the historical background, the criminal legal and procedural mecha nism for the disclosure and investigation of this crime is considered. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were ob tained. The criminal legal composition of the crime of infanticide has always been alarming not only in the state, but also in society. Public conviction in the case of a mother killing her newborn child was more severe than criminal punishment. A woman unable to raise a child, wanting to escape from shame, commits his/her murder. There are cases when a woman in labour, being in a somatic post-partum state, does not give account for her actions, does not take measures to save the baby, which results in the death of the newborn. In both cases, the newborn loses the most precious thing—life. The genesis of the development of the criminal law doctrine of the state clearly shows the legislative consolidation of illegal actions. Criminal liability, in each case, proceeds from the circum stances of the commission of the crime. The analysis of the criminal law on prosecuting mothers for killing their children indicates that, during its historical development, the state established criminal liability in relation to women in labour and to third parties. The sanctions for the murder of a newborn child were different, based on historical periods, religious principles, and geographical loca tion. The state and society condemned women for extramarital affairs and prosecuted them for committing infanticide. An important qualifying feature of this crime is the abandonment of a child after childbirth. The historical approach indicates that this social insti tution was initially practically undeveloped. With the development of the legislation, this provision was enshrined in the disposition of legal norms. In this case, this indicates the attitude of the state and society to the life of the child.Item INTERPRETATION OF THE EVALUATIVE CONCEPT OF “INTEGRITY” AS A PART OF JUDGE SELECTION AND QUALIFICATION EVALUATION PRACTICE(2024) Stratonov, V.; Rybalko, V.Analyzing the latest scientific and practical studies, the authors examine the interpretation of the evaluative concept of “integrity” in the judge selection and qualification assessment practice. The authors emphasize that the absence of a legislative definition of the evaluative term “integrity” in the selection and qualification assessment practice does not mean that it does not meet the requirements of legal certainty. Both legislators and judiciary bodies as well as court practice, build this concept. Numerous issues of its interpretation remain unresolved, which in some cases may indicate that the legal assessment of an applicant for a juridical vacancy or a judge during the relevant procedures is unclear and unpredictable. Approval of the united criteria of “integrity” definition will help to unify the practice of applicant selection for a juridical vacancy and make the application of this evaluativeconcept more understandable and transparent. The authors emphasize that only the approval of the united criteria of the “integrity” evaluative concept definition will not solve all the problems with its explicit application. To unify this practice, hundreds of practical questions of judges/applicants for juridical vacancies must get approved answers. Therefore, the High Council of Justice of Ukraine must provide answers to very specific questions regarding the term “integrity” and publish them in a handbook.Item ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL DETERMINANTS OF IMPLEMENTING INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE HEALTH CARE SECTOR OF UKRAINE(2024) Stratonov, V.; Teremetskyi, V.; Knysh, S.; Khramtsov, O.; Stashchak, M.Introduction: The reform of the health care system, which is taking place in Ukraine today, is aimed at increasing the efficiency of providing timely and quality medical care. The aimof the paper is to provide theoretical and practical study of existing models of organizing the health care system in the leading foreign countries, as well as to substantiate the possibility of implementing the most optimal of them in Ukraine. Materials and methods: The author of the article has used the methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative and legal method. In particular, the author has carried out the analysis of the experience of different countries in organizing the health care system. Review: The author has studied international experience of legal regulation of the relations in the health care sphere, which use private, state and mixed models of the organization and financing of the health care system. Conclusions: The author has emphasized on the necessity of using the latest achievements of the leading foreign countries in the sphere of the organization of the health care system and the establishment of additional guarantees for the financially disadvantaged groups of citizens, through the development and financing of social programs for the availability of medical care (based on the model of existing Medicare and Medicade programs in the USA); the application of marginal maximum prices for health services provided by private health care facilities (Japan); introduction of compulsory payment to the insurance fund from the income of legal entities employing hired labor (Germany), etc.Item ORGANIZAÇÃO DA OPERAÇÃO DOS TRIBUNAIS NA UCRÂNIA NO PERÍODO DA LEI MARCIAL: PESQUISA COMPARATIVA E JURÍDICA(2023) Stratonov, V.; Teremetskyi, V.; Zhuravlov, D.; Boiko, V.; Ilchenko, O.; Glukh, M.; Chudyk, N.The purpose of the article is to highlight the situation of courts operation’s organization in the period of the martial law and the construction of legal framework on using modern information technologies in the administration of justice. The research has been carried out with the usage of the methods of systemic analysis and synthesis, comparative and legal, historical and legal methods. It has been clarified that Ukraine rather effectively ensures the proper organization of courts operation and administration of justice in terms of the martial law considering the level of security in each region. It has been indicated that the organization of remote work of judges and other court employees, as well as the administration of justice online through the use of video conferencing is the positive solution in war period. Such a step contributes to strengthening the security of all participants in judicial proceedings. It has been substantiated that the use of video conferencing during court hearings meets the requirements of a fair and public trial ensuring the compliance with the guarantees of access to justice. It has been emphasized that the use of information technologies within judicial proceedings should have a single approach. Therefore, it is important to develop uniform rules regarding methodological ensuring the use of modern information technologies in the administration of justice in the period of the martial law in order to improve the organization of courts operation.Item ДИСЦИПЛІНАРНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ СУДДІВ ЗА ПОРУШЕННЯ ЗАСАД РІВНОСТІ ТА ЗМАГАЛЬНОСТІ(2023) Стратонов, В. М.; Рибалко, В.; Stratonov, V.; Rybalko, V.У статті проаналізовано практику притягнення суддів до дисциплінарної відповідальності за підпунктом «г» пункту 1 частини 1 статті 106 Закону України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів» (порушення засади рівності всіх учасників судового процесу перед законом і судом, змагальності сторін та свободи в наданні ними суду своїх доказів і в доведенні перед судом їх переконливості). Розглянуто конкретні приклади, зокрема з практики Великої Палати Верховного Суду. Акцентовано на важливості розмежування підпункту «г» із суміжними підставами дисциплінарної відповідальності суддів на основі їх співвідношення (коли одні поглинають інші, а коли вчинене потрібно кваліфікувати за сукупністю), адже від цього безпосередньо залежить призначене судді покарання. Зауважено, що непереконливим є підхід, за якого через формальні процесуальні порушення в кваліфікації дій судді нівелюється серйозність порушення та його наслідки. З огляду на абстрактність підстав дисциплінарної відповідальності, такі помилки у кваліфікації дій судді не повинні автоматично призводити до пом’якшення дисциплінарного стягнення. Передусім слід зважати на серйозність порушень та їхні негативні наслідки. Аргументовано значущість подальшого наукового дослідження питання співвідношення підпункту «г» пункту 1 частини 1 статті 106 Закону України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів» з іншими підставами дисциплінарної відповідальності суддів (випадки, коли наявна конкуренція або вчинене потрібно кваліфікувати за сукупністю дисциплінарних проступків, а також випадки, де наявна ідеальна сукупність). Ця стаття буде корисною не лише дисциплінарним інспекторам і суддям, а й скаржникам, оскільки в ній висвітлено, які саме порушення є перспективними з позицій оскарження поведінки судді у Вищій раді правосуддя за підпунктом «г» пункту 1 частини 1 статті 106 Закону України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів». The article analyzes the practice of bringing judges to disciplinary liability under subparagraph "d" of paragraph 1 of Part 1 of Article 106 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Judicial System and Status of Judges" (violation of the principle of equality of all participants to the judicial process before the law and the court, the competitiveness of the parties and the freedom to present their evidence to the court and to prove their conviction before the court). Specific examples, in particular from the practice of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court, are considered. It is noted that it is important to distinguish between subparagraph "d" and related grounds for disciplinary liability of judges, showing how they relate to each other (when some absorb others, and when the offense should be qualified in the aggregate), since the punishment imposed on a judge directly depends on this. The author notes that the approach whereby, due to formal procedural violations in the qualification of a judge's actions, the seriousness of the violation and its consequences are leveled out due to formal procedural violations. Given the abstract nature of the grounds for disciplinary liability, such errors in the qualification of a judge's actions should not automatically lead to a mitigation of the disciplinary sanction. First of all, the seriousness of the violations and their negative consequences should be taken into account. The author emphasizes the importance of further scientific research into the correlation of subparagraph "d" of paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 106 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Judicial System and Status of Judges" with other grounds for disciplinary liability of judges (cases where the existing competition or the committed offense should be qualified as a set of disciplinary offenses, as well as cases where there is an ideal set). This article will be useful not only for disciplinary inspectors and judges, but also for complainants, as it will help them understand which violations are promising in terms of appealing the behavior of a judge to the High Council of Justice under subparagraph "d" of paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 106 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Judicial System and Status of Judges"Item HISTORICAL WAY OF FORMING TERRORISM AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON(2023) Stratonov, V.; Slinko, D.; Kazmierczak, L. F.; Alves, F.de BritoTThe article examines the main theoretical constructs and practical aspects of terrorism. The world and European countries pray for peacekeeping and oppose all manifestations of terrorism. The UN international organizations and the leaders of the European countries are constantly considering the solution of the main problem of peacekeeping through the fight against our favorite criminal manifestations, among which terrorism is one of them. At the state level, terrorist organizations are banned, they are prosecuted by criminal justice bodies, the leaders of these organizations are identified and held criminal ly responsible, the possibilities of financing terrorist organizations are limited, and so on. Ukraine, which is under constant terrorist threat from the Russian Federation, feels all the elements of terrorism. The number of civilians and residents killed exceeds thousands. Russia's war against Ukraine is a financial blow to the economy, estimated to be in the billions. Terrorism is not limited to one state but creates the conditions for globalization and its export in various forms. In particular, the conclusions emphasize the evolution of the development of terrorism over the past two centuries, as well as the magnitude of terrorist actions committed, which forms the basis for rethinking value orientations.