Факультет економіки і менеджменту.
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Item ACCOUNTING OF RESULTS OF RENT RELATIONS(2018) Bardash, S. V.; Osadcha, T. S.; Бардаш, С. В.; Осадча, Т. С.In the conditions of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development, the study of accounting reflection of the results of rent relations becomes relevant in view of solving a number of strategic tasks that today face economic entities. The solution to this problem is proposed on the basis of the definition in the system of accounting concepts of economic nature of results of rent relations arising owing to the involvement of renting factors in the economic process. The purpose of the research is to determine the formulation of proposals for the accounting reflection of the results of rental relations. The methodological basis of the study is the historical and logical method used to study the evolution of rent and approaches to the disclosure of its economic meaning. The dialectical method and comparative analysis are used to identify significant differences in the definition of rent, formed at different stages and forms of economic relations. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, idealization, and generalization are used to identify the results of rent relations in the system of accounting concepts and the formulation of proposals for accounting rent and rent payments. Scientific results. Based on the critical assessment of the plurality of researchers’ opinions regarding the disclosure of the economic content of the rent, it has been established that: the rent is an integral part of the value added, but the added value in the accounting system is not accounted; the rent is a component of the income from operating activities carried out with the use or exploitation of limited natural resources; the complication of the previous value appraisal of rent makes it impossible to reflect it as a part of income; the amount of rent depends on the demand for the goods. If the product is sold at cost or below the cost, there will be no rent. The higher the sales price, the greater the share of rent in sales income. Taking into account the above, the rent as an income from the extraction/use of natural resources, as well as the use of other renting factors, is proposed to be reflected on the off-balance sheet account “Rent” with the allocation of sub-accounts by type of economic rent received. Rent payments are proposed to be attributed to operating expenses since their inclusion in production costs contradicts the economic nature of such costs, unjustifiably increases the prime cost, and contradicts the principle of equitable distribution of rent. The practical importance of the study is to increase the level of disclosure of information for making managerial decisions, in particular: determining the maximum allowable reduction in the price of sales of finished products, while maintaining an acceptable level of profitability for increasing demand, expanding the market and, consequently, increasing profits; directing the entire amount of rent or its part to the implementation of environmental measures, modernization of the material and technical base, activation of innovation activities, etc. Value/originality. The main advantages of the research conducted are the determination of the subject and object composition of rental relations, justification of the expediency of identifying the economic rent as an additional income, presenting proposals for the accounting of rent and rent payments, which will help to solve problems of the organization and methodology of the results of rent relations, as well as improving the reporting of economic entities.Item IDENTIFICATION OF ECONOMIC AND LEGAL PRECONDITIONS FOR RENT ACCOUNTING(2018) Bardash, S. V.; Osadcha, T. S.; Бардаш, С. В.; Осадча, Т. С.The urgency of the research consists in the existence of challenging issue regarding the equitable distribution of existing natural resources between existing and future generations, the question of formation, distribution, and use of rent. The economic theory clearly identifies features of rental relations at the government level, but there is no information on accounting reflection of rent as one of the types of income of an economic entity in bookkeeping. Level of information content about rental income remains problematic. This leads to a targeted reduction in the availability of information on income from the use of rental resources since none of the forms of existing types of reporting provides any information on any type of rent. The purpose of the research was to specify the accounting component of rent as an economic category, as well as to determine legal and economic preconditions for rent accounting. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of knowing the essence of the rent and rental relations; general scientific methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, abstracting, synthesis, generalization), bibliographic method of transformation of economic essence and legal content of rent and rental relations, analysis of legal acts in the part of implementation of the contract of rent, method of grouping of economic and legal preconditions for establishing an effective segment of rent accounting. Scientific results. It was established that transformation of the modern mechanism of fragmentary regulation of rental should occur systematically, with obligatory improvement of accounting methods of rent resources and development of a method for calculating rental income, as well as a taxation system of extra profits taking into account specific sources and conditions for the formation of various types of rent. With the purpose of transformation of rental relations in the part of the improvement of accounting of income including rents, legal and economic preconditions for rent accounting are identified. In particular, it was established that the legal basis for accounting of the results of rental relations is the identification of the entity, to which the object belongs (rent-forming factor (resource)); of the entity that uses the object (rent-forming factor (resource)); of the mechanism of implementation of rental relations; of an indisputable reason for calculating the rental factor (resource), – a contract of rent or other legal instrument regulating rental relations. The main economic preconditions necessary and sufficient for the organization and keeping of rent accounting by the economic entity are as follows: an object, – the rent-forming factor (resource), which the economic entity-rent payer uses (exploits); economic benefit from the use (operation) of such an object; income of the entity that uses (exploits) such an object that includes the rent; rent estimation for determining rental income, a share of rent in income from a certain type of activity and subsequent implementation of rent payment; documenting and accounting of rent accounts (rental income) and rent payment, followed by their reflection in the financial statements of the business entity-rent payer. The practical significance of the research is to identify preconditions for the formation of a rent accounting methodology, as well as to form information support for analysing the competitiveness of business entities and determining their financial stability.Item IDENTIFICATION OF THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING METHODOLOGY(2017) Osadcha, T. S.; Bardash, S. V.; Осадча, Т. С.; Бардаш, С. В.The relevance of the research consists in the significant lag behind the economies of post-Soviet countries from countries of the world, which play the role of driving forces of global economic globalization. Incomplete transformation of the institution of property rights, including the rights to specific factors of production, distorted perception of the state participation in the regulation of economic relationships, cause a fragmentary reflection of facts of business life of business units by the accounting system. This shortcoming can be eliminated by identifying the advantages, feasibility of the counterstand and measures to involve the economy of Ukraine into the process of economic globalization, as well as determining the priority trends of the transformation of the property institution with the subsequent revision of the accounting methodology. The purpose of the research was to identify the impact of globalization on the development of accounting methodology due to institutional changes in property ownership in the field of management and outline the prerequisites for recognizing the rent as an accounting object. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of knowledge of the essence, preconditions, and consequences of economic globalization as a whole, as well as for its individual subjects; general scientific methods of scientific knowledge (analysis, abstraction, synthesis, generalization) of possible influence of fundamentals and ideas of institutional theory, agency theory, and rent theory on the accounting methodology in order to outline grounds for recognizing the rent as a component of the income of a business unit. Scientific results. It is established that the development of globalization processes was accompanied by significant transformations of property relations and changing approaches to the analysis of activities, in particular, with regard to the use of resources, distribution and redistribution of income. Solving the problems associated with qualitative characteristics of accounting information depends on the implementation of accounting principles, in particular, the principle of the predominance of substance over form. The possibility of its practical application depends on the implementation of the fundamentals and ideas of institutional theory, agency theory and rent theory at the level of the accounting methodology. The stated approach will precondition a certain change in the economic status of a business unit, making it the owner or user of resources, taking into account the availability of certain elements of property rights, and will provide grounds for consideration of economic processes associated with the use of certain resources, the manifestation of rental relations, and the recognition of the income from them as a rent. Taking into consideration the fact that rent is one of the factors of production, theoretical researches in this field should be considered as a basis for research of trends of accounting development, in particular, as to the principles and criteria for recognition of income and assets. The practical significance of the research consists in the development of an income accounting methodology and the determination of financial results of the economic activity, as well as the formation of information support for analysing business unit competitiveness and determining its financial sustainability. Significance/originality. The obtained scientific results will form the prospects for further researches, which will consist in identifying the legal preconditions for rent accounting and determining the trends of the transformation of the property institution. This will contribute to the significant social and economic development of countries whose economies have long been in the command and administrative management format, as well as to the legal recognition of the actual economic preconditions for rent accounting.