Факультет психології, історії та соціології
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Item ЕКОНОМІЧНА ПОЛІТИКА ДЕЦЕНТРАЛІЗОВАНОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ 1785–1870 РР.(2021) Черемісін, О. В.; Сheremisin, O. V.У статті розглядається економічна політика місцевого самоврядування протягом 1785–1870 рр. Основну увагу приділено феномену децентралізації, введеному міському положенню 1785 р., яке надавало самостійність у формуванні та розпорядженні фінансовими потоками з метою унезалежнення самоврядування від центральної влади. Досвід дореволюційної роботи самоврядування вкрай важливий для нашого часу, оскільки на сучасному етапі українського державотворення відбуваються реформи місцевого самоврядування за принципами децентралізації, тому зможе послугувати позитивними тенден- ціями розвитку. У статті робиться спроба проаналізувати наслідки широко задуманої реформи щодо економічної політики місцевого самоврядування, аналізуються прибутково-видаткова частина та принципи формування і використання бюджетів у різних регіонах України. В статье рассматривается экономическая политика местного самоуправления на протяжении 1785–1870 гг. Основное внимание уделяется феномену децентрализации, введенному городским положением 1785 г., которое давало самостоятельность в формировании и использовании финансовых потоков с целью независимости самоуправления от центральной власти. Опыт дореволюционной работы самоуправления очень важный для нашего времени, потому что на современном этапе строительства украинского государства проводятся реформы местного самоуправления по принципам децентрализации, поэтому может послужить позитивными тенденциями развития. В статье сделана по- пытка проанализировать последствия широко задуманной реформы относительно экономической политики местного самоуправления, проанализированы расходно-прибыльная часть и принципы формирования и использования бюджетов в разных регионах Украины. This article examines the economic policy of local self-government during 1785–1870. The main attention is paid to the phenomenon of decentralization, introduced by the city regulation of 1785, which gave independence in the formation and management of financial flows in order to make self-government independent of the central government. The experience of prestage of the Ukrainian state, local self-government reforms are taking place according to the principles of decentralization, so it can serve as both positive and negative development trends. The article attempts to analyze the consequences of the widely planned reform of the economic policy of local self-government, analyzes the revenue and expenditure part and the principles of forming and using budgets in different regions of Ukraine. The task of self-preservation of cities, which was set before the urban reform of 1785, was far from fulfilled. But some fundamental issues of local self-government adopted by this reform are still of practical interest today. Thanks to this reform that decentralized self-government was born. It’s concluded that in the legislation of the period under study, many issues of economic policy were determined in each specific city and region quite individually. At the same time city self-government bodies were not given the right to independently set the level of local taxes and fees. The composition of local finances covered the city budget. Through budgets, the local community's own funds were mobilized and spent. The rights and obligations of urban communities did not include independent formation, approval and expenditure of the budget, so the main problem of the financial condition of selfgovernment was the implementation of the current economic policy. It was built on the principles of distribution of profitable sources, based on the concentration of all resources in one place. Drawn conclusion about rationality conducts to economic politics of organs of local selfgovernment of the investigated period.Item CORRUPTION AND BRIBERY IN TOWNS OF THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE DURING THE PERIOD OF 1785-1870(2019) Mykhailenko, G. M.; Сheremisin, O. V.; Черемісін, О. В.; Михайленко, Г. М.The article focuses on the problem of bribery and corruption in towns in the south of Ukraine between the end of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century. The main focus is on the activities of public officials and deputies of municipal self-government. It is noted that the flourishing state of corruption and bribery in the region began to form under the conditions of the new socio-cultural situation that resulted from the fast processes of incorporation, colonization, adaptation, and modernization. The distance from the centre weakened control on the part of the State, and therefore corruption and bribery acquired new forms in the south of Ukraine in comparison with other regions of the Russian Empire. Also regional features of the flourishing state of corruption and bribery have been noted. Conclusions are made that corruption and bribery became usual occurrences of local life against which municipal communities came out, permanently forming an interaction mechanism with civil society. It is also noted that the struggle of local communities with different cases of bribery had practical results: a lot of officials were punished, and eventually sentenced to long terms of imprisonment.