Факультет психології, історії та соціології
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Item SELF-ATTITUDES IN THE STRUCTURE OF MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATION OF JUNIOR ATHLETES(2024) Popovych, I. S.; Savchuk, O.; Matusiak, H.; Kruglov, K.; Kryzhanovskyi, O.; Danko, D.; Huzar, V.; Попович, І. С.The purpose of this study is to perform theoretical and empirical research on the role of self-attitude in shaping and developing the motivational orientation of junior athletes. Methods: The research sample consisted of junior male and female athletes aged 15–19 years (n = 82) (M = 17.22; SD = ±1.68; Me = 17). All participants trained at the sports schools “LSSCY Enerhetyk” in Lviv, Ukraine and “SSSYOR №1” in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. They represented individual sports such as freestyle wrestling, judo, Greco–Roman wrestling, track and field, and artistic gymnastics, as well as team sports including football and volleyball. To assess self-attitude, the “Methods of Studying Self-Attitude” (Panteleev, 1993) were used. The dimensions of motivational orientation were evaluated using the “Athlete’s Motivational Orientation” questionnaire (Smoldovskaya, 2022), and the relevant motives for juniors’ sporting activities were identified through the “Motivation of Sports Activities” questionnaire (Fomenko & Lukova, 2021). Results. Twenty-five correlations, including nineteen direct correlations and six inverse correlations, were established. It was established that the most loaded parameters of juniors’ self-attitudes are “self-acceptance” (SAc) with six correlations and “result-focused motivational orientation” (RsM) with seven correlations. Significant superiority of a high level of self-acceptance (Group 1) was determined by all the parameters of juniors’ motivational orientation. It was emphasized that superiority by such parameters of self-attitude as “self-management” (U = 1656.50; р = .031) and “self-acceptance” (U = 1448.00; р <.001) testifies to the significance of self-management and self-acceptance for junior athletes. It was underscored that continuous negative emotions, even in juniors with high personal achievements, are capable of destroying sports success, which is indicated by the only significant superiority of Group 4 (low levels of RsM) by the parameter “self-blame” (U = 1502.00; р <.001). Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that the research into the phenomenon of self-attitude in the structure of motivational orientation is the study of reflective characteristics of junior athletes’ self-awareness aimed at achieving optimal sports results in training, competitive, and recovery activities. The development of reflective abilities, the improvement of self-regulation readiness and the formation of self-attitude have a direct correlation with motivational orientation, which can have a positive effect on performance in sporting activities. It was recommended that the obtained scientific results should be implemented in the educational and training process of sports schools for children and youth.Item PROPENSITY FOR ADVENTUROUSNESS IN THE MOTIVATIONAL STRUCTURE OF JUNIOR ATHLETES(2024) Popovych, I. S.; Kolly-Shamne, A.; Piletska, L.; Soroka, O.; Hoian, I.; Yaremchuk, V.; Huzar, V.; Попович, І. С.This study aims to establish statistical correlations between the propensity for adventurousness and components of junior athletes' motivational structures. Methods: The sample consisted of juniors actively involved in competitive, training, and rehabilitative sports, regularly participating in competitions ranging from regional to international levels, including European, World, and Olympic events. The sample includes an equal number of male (n = 65; 50.00%) and female (n = 65; 50.00%) participants, as well as an equal representation from team sports (n = 65; 50.00%) and individual sports (n = 65; 50.00%), randomly selected. The size of the total sample was: n = 130 respondents aged from 17 to 19 years. The following descriptive characteristics were obtained: М = 18.38; SD = ±3.08; Мe = 18.50. The applied psycho-diagnostic tools tested in numerous studies on sports psychology, on junior samples are valid, reliable and representative. Results: Twenty-one statistically significant correlations of the parameters of propensity for adventurousness with motives for engaging in sports and thirty- four correlations with motives for achieving a sports result (p ≤ .050; p ≤ .010; p ≤ .001) were established using Spearman’s coefficient (rs). It was found that the parameters of propensity for adventurousness “emotional- motivational indicator of adventurousness” and “energy indicator of adventurousness” are the most dependent ones. It was explained by the fact that these components in junior athletes are a powerful mental resource which should be supported, developed and directed at volitional self-regulation. An algorithm for creating a profile of propensity for adventurousness was proposed. Discussion and conclusions: Comparison of the researched groups with a high level (Group 1) and a low level (Group 2) of propensity for adventurousness allowed summarizing that the athletes with a high level are guided by the desire for new sensations accompanied by adrenaline rush, frequent changes goals during sports competitions and by an immense desire for social self- affirmation. The athletes with a low level strive to improve sports skills, work on a procedural component accompanied by control, volitional efforts and self-regulation of sports behavior. It is recommended that the obtained results should be taken into consideration by coaches, psychologists and managers of sports institutions working with junior athletes.Item CORRELATION BETWEEN ATHLETES’ AGGRESSIVENESS AND PARAMETERS OF SELF-EFFICACY IN HIGH-STRESS COMPETITIVE SITUATIONS(2024) Popovych, I. S.; Koval, I.; Hoi, N.; Omelianiuk, S.; Lappo, V.; Hoian, I.; Huzar, V.; Попович, І. С.The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between athletes' aggressiveness and various parameters of self-efficacy during tense competitive situations. The sample consisted of athletes spanning different levels of sporting experience, from juniors to professionals, excluding amateurs and veterans. Participants were involved in International, European, World, and Olympic sports competitions. Their age was between 15 and 32 years. Sample characteristics: n = 120; М = 23.45; SD = ±5.12; Мe = 23.50. Methods: Valid and reliable psychodiagnostic instruments were used to perform a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis. The parameters of self-efficacy examined included self-efficacy in subject activity, self-efficacy in interpersonal communication, motivation for achieving success, and motivation for avoiding failure. Results. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (rxy), ten statistically significant bivariate correlations of aggressiveness characteristics with the parameters of self-efficacy were established (p ≤ .050; p ≤ .010). It was explained that the obtained regularities constitute a poly-determined construct of the complex nature of aggressiveness in the context of sporting activities. It was highlighted that it does not allow stating that self-efficacy is determined by athletes’ aggressiveness. It was found that “direct physical aggressiveness” is the most dependent aggressiveness characteristic – four correlations. It was established that “level of impulsiveness” in sports competitions is the least controlled state and, consequently, the most dangerous one. It was found that groups with low levels of aggressiveness had a statistically significant advantage in all five pairs. Discussion and conclusions. The dual nature of aggressiveness in sports was revealed and constructive or destructive characteristics of the impact on sporting activities were explained. The knowledge of the specificity of athletes’ aggressiveness was deepened. It was generalized that an athlete’s aggressiveness is a highly complex psycho-emotional resource, that requires the formedness of a high level of self-regulation and the ability to manage one’s psycho-emotional state, achieving optimal sports readiness. We recommend that the obtained empirical results should be implemented in educational-training process, tactical and psychological training for athletes.Item TIME DECENTRATIONS OF JUNIOR ATHLETES UNDER CHANGED CONDITIONS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY(2024) Hrys, A; Popovych, I.; Попович, І.; Zelenko, O.; Pavliuk, M.; Fedorenko, L.; Prachenko, O.; Huzar, V.The purpose of the research is to find and substantiate a correlation between time decentrations and self regulation of junior athletes under changed conditions of competitive activity. Methods. The main methods of a summative strategy of the research with elements of comparison were two valid and reliable psycho-diagnostic instruments: an adapted version of the questionnaire “Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory” (Zimbardo & Gonzalez, 1984) and a modified version of the questionnaire “Style of Self-regulation of Behavior” (Morosanova, 2004). Objective observation and structured interviews with data recorded in specialized protocol forms were supplementary research methods. Standard coefficients were employed to identify statistically significant differences. Results: The concept of time decentrations was defined, emphasizing their significance in junior sports. Seventeen statistically significant correlations were established (p ≤ .050; p ≤ .010). Temporal decentralization future (TDF) and temporal decentralization positive past (TDPP) exhibited the highest number of correlations, with six each. The strongest positive correlation of TDF with “Planning Training Activity” (PTA) (rs = .311; p ≤ .010) was established. It was substantiated that the strongest correlation between the dimensions “Planning Training Activity” (rs = .311; p ≤ .010) with Temporal Decentralization Future in combination with the other two strong (p ≤ .010) correlations of the dimension “Independence of Decision Making”: TDF (rs = .302) and TDPP (rs = .221) constitute an efficient self-regulation construct of achieving a victory result under changed conditions of competitive activity. Comparison of self-regulation parameters of respondents of an optimal profile (Group II) and a general profile (Group I) of time decentration was performed. Statistically significant differences (p ≤ .050; p ≤ .010) were found by three self-regulation parameters: “Planning Training Activity”, “Modelling Competitive Activity” and “Independence of Decision-Making”. Discussion and conclusions. The identified differences between time decentrations possess scientific novelty and are valuable for tactical-technical preparation of junior athletes. Operationalization of the obtained results can increase resourcefulness of junior athletes and create a competitive advantage over rivals under usual and changed conditions of competitive activityItem OPERATIONALIZING THE TACTICAL THOUGHT PROCESSES AND COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY PARAMETERS AMONG JUNIOR FEMALE HANDBALL PLAYERS THROUGH THE UTILIZATION OF BASIC GAME ROLES(2023) Popovych, I. S.; Yakovleva, S.; Zavatska, N.; Pavliuk, M.; Zelenko, O.; Huzar, V.; Radul, B.; Попович, І. С.The objective of this study is to convey the findings from an empirical investigation into the tactical thinking and competitive activity parameters of junior female handball players, followed by their operationalization based on fundamental game roles. The study entails a comparison and operationalization of empirical results pertaining to key content parameters, intended for integration into the educational and training processes, as well as competitive engagements of handball players. The research involved junior female athletes aged 15 to 19, regardless of their qualification level, representing women’s handball clubs in the Ukrainian Championship (the Junior League). Methods. The method “Examination of the profile of athletes’ thinking” (Hanzen et al., 2001) was applied; the key content parameters of competitive activity: intensity, activeness, preciseness, fault, efficiency and reliability were determined by a proprietary complex of tested indicators of handball players’ attack/defense given in the studies by L. Latyshkevich & L. Manevich (1990); F. Terzy et al. (2009); I. Turchyn (1988). Results. Statistically significant differences (p<.050; p<.010; p<.001) were registered using the Kruskal–Wallis H test by all the types of thinking: subject thinking (SbTh), symbolic thinking (SmTh), logical thinking (LgTh), visual thinking (VsTh) and creative thinking (CrTh) of junior handball players by the basic game roles. Statistically significant differences (p<.050; p<.010; p<.001) were found using the Kruskal–Wallis H test by all the parameters of junior handball players’ competitiveness by the basic game roles. It was found and substantiated that the most important types of handball players’ thinking in the context of competitive activity are: logical thinking – four statistically significant correlations (p<.050) with the parameters of competitiveness (the coefficient of precise passes; the coefficient of a player’s efficiency; the coefficient of a player’s reliability; a complex indicator of competitive activity); creative thinking – three statistically significant correlations (p<.050; p<.010) with the parameters of competitiveness (the coefficient of precise passes; the coefficient of a player’s efficiency; a complex indicator of competitive activity) and subject thinking – two statistically significant correlations (p<.050) with the parameters of competitiveness (the coefficient of precise passes; the coefficient of a player’s reliability). Discussion and conclusions. The study explains that the obtained high indices of subject and logical thinking of team center players (fullbacks, centers, center-halves) are determined by educational-training process. The study regards a high level of development of the above types of thinking as a technological game construct of a team. Attention is paid to high levels of visual and creative thinking of line players which are determined by a situation of development which encourages them to play in attack through achieving a desirable image and scoring a goal unconventionally. The study found a considerable number of scientific facts which should be introduced into educational-professional activity of women’s handball teams.Item PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF FATIGUE OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS(2023) Shcherbak, T.; Popovych, I. S.; Kariyev, A.; Duisenbayeva, A.; Huzar, V.; Hoian, I.; Kyrychenko, K.; Попович, І. С.The purpose of the research is to find out empirically and theoretically substantiate the psychological causes of football players’ fatigue. Methods. The ascertaining strategy of research and ranking of parameters has been applied. Valid and reliable psychodiagnostic methods have been used to measure parameters of professional maladjustment, self-assessment of psychophysiological state, differentiated assessment of performance, and the level of football players’ emotional burnout. Results. It was found that the high level of football player’s fatigue from the training-competitive cycle has been caused by a decrease in the efficiency of their psycho-functional systems: emotional changes (R=.920); a decrease in general activity (R=.810); a decrease in motivation to activity (R=.824); features of certain mental processes (R=.549); features of social interaction (R=.891). It has been shown that with a decrease in the indicators of the psychophysiological state, the feeling of fatigue increases: well-being (R=-.812); activity (R=-.840). As well as in relation to motivational factors of the appearance of fatigue: interest in sports (R=-.869); willingness to perform tasks (R=-.816). A statistically reliable inverse relationship has been established between all indicators of the psychophysiological state and predictors of fatigue: monotony, oversaturation, stress. It has been empirically established and explained that the drop in the level of football players’ performance, as a result of fatigue, can be caused by external negative influences: experiencing psycho-traumatic circumstances (R=.924); “being cornered” (R=.896); a desire to curtail professional activity: reduction of professional duties (R=.936); changes in team’s psychological climate: personal alienation (R=.924); changes in the emotional sphere: anxiety and depression (R=.882); inadequate selective emotional response (R=.867); emotional moral disorientation (R=.904); expansion of the sphere of emotional economy (R=.918); emotional deficit (R=.870); emotional alienation (R=.896). Discussion and conclusions. It has been summarized that football players with pronounced parameters of fatigue are much more often characterized by a deterioration in well-being, namely changes in the emotional sphere, a decrease in general activity and course of mental processes. At the same time, they are characterized by separate somatic vegetative disorders in sleep, peculiarities in social relations. In sports activities, they demonstrate reduced motivation and, accordingly, the lack of interest and motivation provokes a feeling of fatigue. It has been empirically found that the respondent football players with a pronounced feeling of fatigue demonstrate a high level of desire to stop their training and competition activities. These football players feel bored with monotonous, same-type activities and seek to change activity or diversify it.Item INTERDEPENDENCE OF EMOTIONALITY, ANXIETY, AGGRESSIVENESS AND SUBJECTIVE CONTROL IN HANDBALL REFEREES BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF A GAME: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS(2022) Popovych, I. S.; Kurova, A.; Koval, I.; Kazibekova, V.; Maksymov, M.; Huzar, V.; Попович, І. С.; Курова, А. В.; Коваль, І. А.; Казібекова, В. Ф.; Максимов, М. В.; Гузар, В. М.The purpose of the article is to conduct empirical research on interdependence of the key individual psychological characteristics of handball referees before the beginning of a game; perform comparative analysis of the obtained parameters of referees with different categories and identify significant dynamic changes. The study substantiates and characterizes anxiety, aggressiveness and subjective control as important features of referees’ activity, affecting objectivity of results. Research methods: retrospective critical analysis of scientific literature, psycho-diagnostic testing, purposeful observation, comparative analysis using Student’s t-test, Pearson’s R correlation analysis. The study outlines the primary methodological postulates and technology for measuring parameters of the phenomena under study. Results. The study presents a graphical structure of subjective control of handball referees by qualification categories. Pearson’s (r) correlation analysis allowed determining interdependence of the parameters under study. Positive significant correlations were identified: between emotional stability and internality in the area of achievements (r=.286; p≤.01); between emotional stability and internality in labor relations (r=.278; p≤.01). Negative significant correlations were registered: between internality in the area of achievements and the parameters of aggressiveness: between inclination towards direct physical aggression (r=-.185; p≤.05) and the level of impulsiveness (r=-.268; p≤.01); between self-estimation of reactive anxiety and internality in labor relations (r=-.178; p≤.05). The study substantiates that the identified list of significant correlations proves that a respondent’s achievement of a higher level of qualification requires mobilization of their neural and mental efforts, a high level of subjective self-control and self-regulatory capability. Conclusions. The study emphasizes that the identified correlations of the key individual psychological characteristics of handball referees before the beginning of a game are important scientific facts in the context of the research on referees’ activity. It generalizes that the acquired knowledge should be operationalized into professional qualification upgrade programs for training referees in team sports. The study highlights that the obtained scientific facts can be useful for subjects of competition process, researchers in sport psychology. Метою статті емпіричне дослідження взаємозалежності ключових індивідуально-психологічних якостей суддів з гандболу перед початком гри; порівняльне аналізування отриманих параметрів суддів різних категорій і встановлення значущих динамічних змін. Обґрунтовано та охарактеризовано тривожність, агресивність і суб’єктний контроль як важливі властивості суддівської діяльності, які впливають на об’єктивність результату. Методи дослідження: ретроспективне критичне аналізування наукової літератури, психодіагностичні тестові методики, цілеспрямоване спостереження, порівняльне аналізування з застосування t-критерію Ст’юдента, кореляційне аналізування r-Пірсона. Окреслено методологічні вихідні положення і технологію виміру параметрів досліджуваних феноменів. Результати. Графічно побудовано структуру суб’єктного контролю суддів з гандболу за кваліфікаційними категоріями. Кореляційним аналізом r-Пірсона встановлено взаємозалежність досліджуваних параметрів. Констатовано позитивні значущі взаємозв’язки: Емоційна Стійкість з інтернальністю в сфері досягнень (r=.286; p≤.01); Емоційна Стійкість з інтернальністю в трудових відносинах (r=.278; p≤.01). Зафіксовано негативні значущі взаємозв’язки: інтернальність у сфері досягнень з параметрами агресивності: Схильність до прямої фізичної агресії (r=-.185; p≤.05) і Рівень нестриманості (r=-.268; p≤.01); самооцінки реактивної (ситуативної) тривожності з інтернальністю в трудових відносинах (r=-.178; p≤.05). Обґрунтовано, що встановлений перелік значущих взаємозв’язків є підтвердженням того, що досягнення респондентом чергового рівня кваліфікації вимагає від нього мобілізації нервово-психічних зусиль, високого рівня суб’єктного контролю і саморегуляційної спроможності. Висновки. Зазначено, що встановлені взаємозалежності ключових індивідуально-психологічних якостей суддів з гандболу перед початком гри є важливими науковими фактами у контексті дослідження суддівської діяльності. Узагальнено, що здобуті знання доцільно операціоналізувати у професійні програми підвищення кваліфікації для підготовки суддів командних видів спорту. Акцентовано, що отримані наукові факти можуть бути корисними для суб’єктів змагального процесу, дослідників психології спорту.