Факультет психології, історії та соціології
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Item EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF SELF-CONTROL AMONG JUNIOR ATHLETES(2025) Popovych, I. S.; Danko, D.; Yakovleva, S.; Haponenko, L.; Shcherbyna, O.; Kryzhanovskyi, O.; Hoian, I.; Попович, І. С.The aim of this study is to empirically investigate and theoretically substantiate the role of emotional intelligence (EQ) within the self-control structure of junior athletes. Methods: The sample consisted of 184 junior athletes from both team sports (football and handball) and individual sports (track and field, artistic gymnastics, freestyle wrestling, weightlifting, and boxing). These athletes were students at sports schools for children and youth and were part of professional football and handball clubs competing in the national championship. The descriptive frequency characteristics of the respondents’ ages are as follows: М = 16.96; SD = ±3.37; Мe = 17.00. The parameters of emotional intelligence, volitional control, and subjective control were assessed using psycho-diagnostic tools that were valid, reliable, and specifically adapted for sports samples. Results: The empirical data followed a normal distribution, allowing the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) to identify fourteen direct correlations and two inverse correlations (p ≤ .050; p ≤ .010; p = .000). It was found that the most dependent parameter of emotional intelligence was “self-control and self-regulation of emotions”, which showed the highest number of correlations (seven) and the strongest associations at significant levels (p ≤ .001; p = .000). The profile of junior athletes’ overall self-control enabled a visual comparison of the key dimensions of self-control. It was explained that the technical component, latent mental resources, and psychological literacy give juniors an advantage at the final stage when all the strong and equal athletes have reached the final competitions. There is a caveat that demonstrating a high level of perseverance does not allow respondents to consider others’ emotions, i. e. the desire to win at any cost blocks the defense mechanisms of emotional intelligence. This is a dangerous and uncontrolled state that borders on the affective state and can have detrimental consequences for junior athletes. Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that the research into emotional intelligence in the structure of junior athletes’ volitional control is a successful attempt to establish correlations between the parameters of the examined phenomena applying relevant psycho-diagnostic methodologies, sensitive to critical periods in the formation of a junior athlete’s personality, the development of worldviews, and age-related patterns of psychophysiological processes. There was a caveat that low values of the parameter “self-control of an athlete’s health and disease” can pose a latent danger, especially in team sports, where the absence of key players can have a considerable impact on the tactical organization of the game. It is recommended that the established scientific facts about the dimensions of EQ and the parameters of volitional control be implemented in work with juniors in all learning, training, competitive, and rehabilitative activities.Item CORRELATION BETWEEN JUNIORS’ MENTAL HEALTH PARAMETERS AND SPORTS MOTIVATION(2024) Kurova, A.; Popovych, I. S.; Zablotskyi, A.; Bazyka, Y.; Poleshchuk, L.; Hoi, N.; Los, O.; Попович, І. С.o explore the relationship between mental health parameters and sports motivation among junior athletes. Methods: The research sample included junior athletes aged 15–19 who trained regularly and pursued sports as a means of professional self-realization. An equal number of male (n = 32; 50.00%) and female athletes (n = 32; 50.00%) were selected. The sample maintained a balance between individual and team sports, with n = 32 (50.00%) participants from individual sports and n = 32 (50.00%) from team sports. Descriptive statistics for the sample were as follows: M = 18.12; SD = ±2.97; Me = 18.00. The parameters of mental health, the level of juniors’ positive mental health and health status, and groups of intrinsic and extrinsic motives were measured with valid and reliable psycho-diagnostic tools. Standard coefficients were used to establish statistical significance. Results. Two athletes’ profiles were created: a three-dimensional profile of mental health and a profile of sports motivation. Eighteen significant correlations between the parameters of groups of intrinsic and extrinsic motives and the mental health of athletes were established (p ≤ .050; p ≤ .010; p ≤ .001), three of them being inverse. The motive of skill development has the strongest correlations with an internal locus of control over health, positive mental health, and health status. The comparative matrix allowed for identifying the superiority of Group 1 (a high level of the parameters of mental health) in four pairs of dimensions: positive mental health and positive emotions; an internal locus of control and skill development; positive mental health and skill development; health status and skill development. No significant difference was found in the level of health status (Group 1 > 38.00 ≤ 1 Group 2) in the parameter “demotivation”. Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that systematic work on oneself, which manifests in self-improvement of technical and practical skills, allows purposeful and hard-working junior athletes to achieve remarkable sports results. The motives of learning new things and positive emotions with four direct correlations each are the most dependent ones. There is a caveat that junior athletes’ health status as a complex state of physical, emotional, and mental well-being may weaken sports motivation. It was recommended that the results obtained should be considered by administrators, coaches, psychologists, and managers of sports institutions who work with junior athletesItem TYPES OF PRECOMPETITION ANXIETY AMONG JUNIOR ATHLETES(2024) Popovych, I. S.; Sirko, R.; Dushka, A.; Slobodianyk, V.; Stelmakh, O.; Pylypenko, L.; Zahrai, L.; Попович, І. С.The aim of the research is to categorize the types of precompetition anxiety experienced by junior athletes immediately before official sports events. Methods: Valid and reliable psychodiagnostic tools, well-established in sports research, were utilized to accurately measure anxiety phenomena in junior athletes. Results: Descriptive frequency characteristics were analyzed to construct a comprehensive profile of pre-competition anxiety among the participants. K-means clustering identified four distinct types: "Destructive Anxiety Disorder" (DAD) (n = 42; 13.13%); "Personal Precompetition Anxiety" (PPA) (n = 120; 37.50%); "Situational Precompetition Anxiety" (SPA) (n = 102; 31.87%); and "Social Unprotected Anxiety" (SUA) (n = 56; 17.50%). Notably, DAD is the most concerning type, potentially impacting both performance and the athlete's overall health. Additionally, SUA was identified as posing significant risks. It was explained that this type can become a plateau of stagnation and be transformed into a psychological problem later. It was highlighted that anxiety performs an important function in an athlete’s sporting activities and it is important how efficiently a junior athlete can utilize their resources. We performed comparison of the types of pre-competition anxiety of junior athletes representing team sports (Group 1) and individual sports (Group 2) by Fisher’s criterion (φ). Two statistically significant advantages were established: Group 1 (n = 79; 49.37%) has an advantage by “SPA” (φ = 1.89; р ≤ .05); Group 2 (n = 42; 26.25%) has an advantage by “SUA” (φ = 2.12; р ≤ .05). Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that the types of junior athletes’ pre-competition anxiety are considered to be psycho-physiological states related to awaiting a sports competition, which are accompanied by psycho-emotional stress, require the development of athletes’ self-regulation, stress-resistance and resilience, and depend on their individual- psychological characteristics, experience and mastery. We recommend that coaching staffs should diagnose the types of pre-competition anxiety that will allow making timely corrections to an athlete’s performance that can have a considerable impact on the result of a sports competition and also protect athletes against traumas.Item ATHLETES’ RESILIENCE TYPOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORTS(2022) Popovych, I. S.; Radul, I.; Hoian, I.; Ohnystyi, A.; Doichyk, V.; Burlakova, I.; Попович, І. С.The purpose of the empirical study is to develop and substantiate a typology of athletes’ resilience, as well as to compare different types of resilience among representatives of individual sports and team sports. Individual sports are represented by athletes from athletics, boxing, and weightlifting (n=312; average age M=26.2), and team sports are represented by representatives from mini-football, football, handball, and volleyball (n=322, average age M=28.1). Research methods: psychodiagnostic methods that used scales to evaluate the content parameters of the researched phenomena in a relevant way; participant observation; k-means cluster analysis; Spearman method correlation analysis (rs); criterion angle-transformation of Fisher’s (φ). Results. It is substantiated that athletes’ resilience typology is a scientific classification of abstract theoretical complexes (types) that integrate the most essential content parameters, structural and functional characteristics of athletes’ resilience. Commitment (rs=.148), Control (rs=.086), Challenge (rs=.076), Hardiness (rs=.115), Emotional Stability (rs=.146), Cheerfulness (rs=.186), and Motivation to Succeed (rs=.202) were determined as the content factors with the strongest connection to Resilience (р<.01; р<.05). Individual and team sports were formed as empirical typologies of athletes’ resilience. Individual athletes’ resilience was classified into four types: Value- Oriented (VO), Motivational-Oriented (MO), Socially Acceptable (SA), and Emotionally Stable (ES). The following types of team sports athletes’ resilience were identified: Motivational-Valued (MV), Control- Pragmatic (CP), Socially Acceptable (SA), and Resilient (RS). The distinctions in content features of athletes’ socially acceptable types of resilience in individual and team sports are substantiated. Conclusions. The first hypothesis was confirmed when two types of athlete resilience were developed. The second hypothesis is confirmed since the construction of resilience types is based on the dominating levels of content parameters. The third hypothesis cannot be statistically proven or disproven since the three types of athletes’ resilience differ in content parameters and cannot be compared. The Socially Acceptable type was compared, but no significant differences were found (р ≥ .05). It is recommended that representatives of individual and team sports consider the obtained results and that they be operationalized in athletes’ tactical training.Item Strengthening of student youth’s mental health using play sports(2022) Popovych, I.; Hoi, N.; Koval, I.; Vorobel, M.; Semenov, O.; Semenova, N.; Hrys, A.; Попович, І. С.; Гой, Н. В.; Коваль, І. А.; Воробель, М. М.; Семенов, О. С.; Семенова, Н. І.; Грись, А. М.The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate and empirically establish that health-preserving technologies, such as play sports, may improve the mental health of student youth. Respondents were first-year students who, on their initiative, participated in a university program to implement health technologies, regularly attending sectional trainings in play sports (males – football; females – volleyball). The ascertaining stage of the experimental study was attended by n = 122 respondents aged 18 to 20 years (M = 18.6), and the formative stage was attended by n = 72 respondents. Football EGF (n = 24) and volleyball EGV (n = 12) were formed as experimental groups, and football CGF (n = 24) and volleyball CGV (n = 12) as control groups. Research methods: analysis, generalization; targeted observation using data recording protocols; valid methods with standard questionnaires. Results. It was revealed that respondents’ psychological well-being (PW), which was measured in the coordinates of positive self-esteem (.227; p≤.01), the general mood background (.321; p≤.01) and the life satisfaction index (.301; p≤.01), was a predictor of mental health. Psychological well-being (PW) was shown to have the greatest statistically significant correlation (p≤.05; p≤.01) with the self-regulation and life satisfaction characteristics of student youth. The parameters “Self-acceptance” (р˂.01), “Psychological wellbeing” (р˂.01), “Life Satisfaction Index” (р˂.01), “Evaluation of Performance” (р˂.01), “Integral Level of SelfRegulation” (р˂.01) showed positive significant changes in both experimental groups (EGF – football, EGV – volleyball). It is emphasized that positive changes in students’ self-perception of themselves are, in our opinion, the most important positive changes that affect the general mood (.223; p≤.01) and is one of the most important parameters of mental health of respondents. Conclusions. It is generalized that regular training and competitions of student youth in football (males) and volleyball (females) during the academic year, contribute to statistically significant changes in mental health parameters. The implemented practice is an effective health-preserving technology that should be applied in college and higher education institutions’ instructional processes. Метою статті є теоретичне обґрунтування і емпіричне встановлення, що здоров’язбережувальні технології засобами ігрових видів спорту, здатні зміцнити психічне здоров’я студентської молоді. Респондентами є студенти першого року навчання, які за власною ініціативою беруть участь в університетській програмі реалізації здоров’язбережувальних технологій, регулярно відвідуючи секційні тренування з ігрових видів спорту (хлопці – футбол; дівчата – волейбол). На констатувальному етапі експериментального дослідження взяло участь n=122 респонденти, віком від 18 до 20 років (M=18.6), на формувальному n=72. Створено дві експериментальні групи: футбольну EGF (n=24) і волейбольну EGV (n=12) та дві контрольні групи: футбольну CGF (n=24) і волейбольну CGV (n=12). Методи дослідження: аналізування, узагальнення; цілеспрямоване спостереження з протоколами для фіксування даних; валідні методики зі стандартними бланками анкет. Результати. З’ясовано, що психологічне благополуччя (PW) респондентів є предиктором психічного здоров’я, яке знаходиться у координатах позитивної самооцінки (.227; p≤.01), загального фону настрою (.321; p≤.01) та індексу задоволеності життям (.301; p≤.01). Констатовано, що психологічне благополуччя (PW) має найбільше статистично значущих зв’язків (p≤.05; p≤.01) з параметрами саморегуляції і задоволеності життям студентської молоді. Встановлено позитивні значущі зміни у обох експериментальних групах (EGF – футбольній, EGV – волейбольній) у параметрах: “Самоприйняття” (р˂.01), “Психологічне благополуччя” (р˂.01), “Індекс Задоволеності Життям” (р˂.01), “Оцінка Результатів Діяльності” (р˂.01), “Інтегральний Рівень Саморегуляції” (р˂.01). Акцентовано, що позитивні зміни самосприйняття студентською молоддю себе вважаємо найважливішими позитивними змінами, які впливають на загальний фон настрою (.223; p≤.01) і є одним з найважливіших параметрів психічного здоров’я респондентів. Висновки. Узагальнено, що регулярні тренування і змагання студентської молоді з футболу (хлопці) і волейболу (дівчата) впродовж навчального року, сприяють статистично значущим змінам у параметрах психічного здоров’я. Впроваджена практика є ефективною здоров’язбережувальною технологією, яку доцільно імплементувати у освітній процес закладів вищої та середньої освіти.Item RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCESSIVE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND YOUNG ATHLETES’ PHYSICAL ACTIVITY(2021) Hudimova, A.; Popovych, I.; Savchuk, O.; Lіashko, V.; Pyslar, A.; Hrys, A.; Гудімова, А. Х.; Попович, І. С.; Савчук, О. А.; Ляшко, В. В.; Пислар, А. Б.; Грись, А. М.Social media have an ambivalent effect on the physical activity of young athletes. The purpose is to establish the relationship between young athletes’ psychological disorders through the excessive use of social media. The main task was to analyze whether there is a deviation from training, which increases time spent on social media. Research methods. The study is based on the results of anonymous valid psychodiagnostic tools submitted to Google Forms and statistical analysis. Physical activity of young athletes (N = 110) aged 16 to 21 years was assessed on the scales of diagnostic tests, parameters of physical activity, time spent online, feelings of loneliness, and sleep disorders due to excessive use of social media during the global pandemic. Results. It was found that during quarantine, young athletes prefer to displace bad thoughts and distract from training for spending too much time on social media applications (rs = .202; p ≤ .05). It was stated that young athletes experience negative emotions due to the situation with the coronavirus, which leads to the increased time spent on social media, which is a kind of coping strategy (rs = .340; p ≤ .01). As a result of uncontrolled use of social media and reduced parameters of physical activity, competitive performance during the lockdown, young athletes face sleep disorders (rs = - .277; p ≤ .01) and manifestations of depression (rs = .430; p ≤ .01). Conclusions. It is empirically established and theoretically substantiated that there are causal links to excessive use of social media due to reduced parameters of physical activity. The decreased physical activity provokes an exacerbation of loneliness, training regimen, and recovery. It is noted that the “mask of the active user” encourages manifestations of depression, displacement of feelings, and problems, which leads to a decrease in the psychological well-being of young athletes. Соціальні мережі здійснюють амбівалентний вплив на фізичну активність юних спортсменів. Метою дослідження є встановлення взаємозв’язку між психологічними розладами юних спортсменів через надмірне використання соціальних мереж. Основним завданням було проаналізувати, чи є відхилення від тренувань, що збільшує кількість часу проведення у соцмережах. Методи. Дослідження ґрунтується на результатах анонімного валідного психодіагностичного інструментарію, поданого у Google Forms та статистичного аналізування. Фізична активність юних спортсменів (N = 110) у віці від 16 до 21 року оцінювалося за шкалами діагностичних тестів, параметрів фізичної активності, часом перебування в мережі, почуттям самотності та порушеннями сну через надмірне використання соціальних мереж під час глобальної пандемії. Результати. Встановлено, що під час карантину юні спортсмени віддають перевагу витісненню поганих думок та відволіканню від тренувань за проведенням надмірної кількості часу за додатками соцмереж (rs = .202; p ≤ .05). Констатовано, що юні спортсмени відчувають негативні емоції через ситуацію з коронавірусом, що призводить до збільшення витрат часу на соціальні мережі, що є своєрідною копінг-стратегією (rs = .340; p ≤ .01). У результаті неконтрольованого використання соціальних мереж та зниження параметрів фізичної активності, змагальної результативності під час локдауну юні спортсмени стикаються з порушеннями сну (rs = - .277; p ≤ .01) та проявами депресивності (rs = .430; p ≤ .01). Висновки. Емпірично встановлено і теоретично обґрунтовано, що мають місце причинно-наслідкові зв’язки надмірного використання соціальних мереж через зниження параметрів фізичної активності. Зниження фізичної активності провокує загострення почуття самотності, порушення режиму тренування та відновлення. Зазначено, що “маска активного користувача” спонукає до проявів депресивності, витіснення переживань та проблем, що призводить до зниження психологічного благополуччя юних спортсменів.Item THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON YOUNG WEB USERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PROGRESSION(2021) Popovych, I.; Hudimova, A.; Baidyk, V.; Buriak, O.; Kechyk, O.; Попович, І. С.; Гудімова, А. Х.; Байдик, В. В.; Буряк, О. О.; Кечик, О. О.Мета. Емпірично дослідити та теоретично обґрунтувати результати впливу соціальних мереж на психологічне благополуччя юних web-користувачів впродовж вимушеної самоізоляції, викликаної прогресуванням пандемії COVID-19 (n = 254). Матеріали і методи: стандартизовані валідні психодіагностичні методики, авторська анкета (A. Hudimova, 2021), кореляційний та факторний аналізи. Результати. Отримано результати, які продемонстрували, що під час всесвітньої пандемії COVID-19 юні респонденти віддають перевагу пасивному використанню соціальних мереж, на відміну від спілкування. З’ясовано зростання часу проведення у соціальних мережах web-користувачами юнацького віку. Встановлено, що прогресування пандемії COVID-19 супроводжується переживанням респондентами негативних емоцій та страхів перед невідомим (r = .204; p < .01). Обґрунтовано, що збільшення занурення у соціальні мережі у юних web-користувачів є своєрідною стратегією втечі від поганих думок (r = .271; p < .01). Констатовано, що наслідком неконтрольованого використання соціальних мереж під час ізоляції є страждання від порушень сну (r = .444; p <.01). Висновки. Доведено, що юнаки через обсесивний патерн залучення у соціальні мережі та/або через прокрастинацію проводять майже цілий день онлайн, що нерідко провокує синдром відміни при намаганнях відволіктися. Відсутність контрольованого проведення часу у соцмережах під час самоізоляції провокує загострення тривоги, апатії, пригніченого настрою та відчуття відірваності від соціальної реальності. Обґрунтовано і узагальнено, що причинно-наслідкові зв’язки пасивного використання соціальних мереж провокують загострення почуття відчуженості, порушують здоровий ритм сну та психологічний стан юних web-користувачів під час прогресування пандемії COVID-19. Aim. The present study empirically investigates and theoretically substantiates the results of the impact of social media on young web-users’ psychological well-being during the forced selfisolation caused by the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 254). Materials and methods. Standardized valid psycho-diagnostic methods, the author’s questionnaire (A. Hudimova, 2021), correlation and factor analyses were used to identify young web users’ patterns of social media involvement during the forced self-isolation. Results. The results show that during the global COVID-19 pandemic, young web users give preference for passive social media use rather than for communication. The obtained results showed an expansion in the time spent via social media by young web users. It was found that the progression of the COVID- 19 pandemic is accompanied by the participants’ experience of negative emotions and fears of the unknown (r = .204; p <.01). It is substantiated that increasing immersion of young web users in social media is a kind of strategy to escape from bad thoughts (r = .271; p <.01). Significantly, it is stated that uncontrolled use of social media causes sleep disorders during isolation (r = .444; p <.01). Conclusions. The study proves that young people spend almost all day online due to the obsessive pattern of social media involvement and/or procrastination, which often provokes withdrawal syndrome upon the attempt to distract from them. The lack of controlled time spending on social media during self-isolation provokes an exacerbation of anxiety, apathy, depressed mood, and a sense of isolation from social reality. The obtained results provide evidence that the causal relations of passive social media use provoke an exacerbation of feelings of alienation, disrupt the healthy rhythm of sleep, and psychological state of young webusers during the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic.