Факультет психології, історії та соціології

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    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND COPING STRATEGIES IN JUNIOR ATHLETES’ BEHAVIOR DURING EXTREME COMPETITIVE SITUATIONS
    (2024) Halian, I.; Popovych, I. S.; Charkina, O.; Halian, A.; Danko, D.; Zaverukha, O.; Haponenko, L.; Kryzhanovskyi, O.; Попович, І. С.
    This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and coping strategies among 132 junior athletes during extreme competitive situations. Methods: Valid psychodiagnostic methodologies were employed, along with descriptive statistics, normality tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk), regression analysis, and statistical significance coefficients. Results: The study revealed a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and coping strategies in extreme competitive environments. Results highlighted the importance of emotional intelligence as a key factor in understanding and managing both personal and others’ emotions, contributing to psychological well-being. Junior athletes demonstrated moderate levels of interpersonal abilities, specifically in empathy (M = 9.23 ± .494; SD = 5.681) and understanding others’ emotions (M = 8.10 ± .561; SD = 6.449). Junior athletes’ intrapsychic skills are at a low level (“emotional awareness” (М = 10.32 ± .489; SD = 5.322); “self-motivation” (М = 5.95 ± .621; SD = 7.133); and “managing emotions” (М = 1.76 ± .705; SD = 8.097). Differences in the manifestation of junior athletes’ emotional intelligence were identified by gender. In particular, statistically significant differences were found on the following scales of emotional intelligence: “emotional awareness” (t = -1,95; p = .049; d = -.570), “managing emotions” (t = 2.392; p = .018; d = .699), and “empathy” (t = -2.356; p = .02; d = -.688). The preference for problem-oriented coping and avoidance-oriented coping in choosing the method for dealing with extreme situations was found. A regression model (F = 43.581; p = 000) for problem-oriented coping which accounts for more than 50.00% of the data variance (R2 = .505; p = .005) was determined. The model included such predictors as “recognizing others’ emotions” (β = .296; t = 3.463; p = .001), “self-motivation” (β = .306; t = 3.696; p = .000), and “emotional awareness” (β = .230; t = 2.845; p = .005). Statistically significant differences between junior female and male athletes were identified by “emotion-oriented coping” (t = -2.644; p = .009; d = -.772). Discussion and conclusions: The decisive role of the predictor “recognizing others’ emotions” in using “problem-oriented coping” was observed. “Self-motivation” and “emotional awareness” accompany this predictor. Research into the impact of regulatory characteristics of the individual as a factor of the effectiveness of coping strategies for managing stress in uncertain and difficult situations is deemed promising.
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    SELF-ATTITUDES IN THE STRUCTURE OF MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATION OF JUNIOR ATHLETES
    (2024) Popovych, I. S.; Savchuk, O.; Matusiak, H.; Kruglov, K.; Kryzhanovskyi, O.; Danko, D.; Huzar, V.; Попович, І. С.
    The purpose of this study is to perform theoretical and empirical research on the role of self-attitude in shaping and developing the motivational orientation of junior athletes. Methods: The research sample consisted of junior male and female athletes aged 15–19 years (n = 82) (M = 17.22; SD = ±1.68; Me = 17). All participants trained at the sports schools “LSSCY Enerhetyk” in Lviv, Ukraine and “SSSYOR №1” in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. They represented individual sports such as freestyle wrestling, judo, Greco–Roman wrestling, track and field, and artistic gymnastics, as well as team sports including football and volleyball. To assess self-attitude, the “Methods of Studying Self-Attitude” (Panteleev, 1993) were used. The dimensions of motivational orientation were evaluated using the “Athlete’s Motivational Orientation” questionnaire (Smoldovskaya, 2022), and the relevant motives for juniors’ sporting activities were identified through the “Motivation of Sports Activities” questionnaire (Fomenko & Lukova, 2021). Results. Twenty-five correlations, including nineteen direct correlations and six inverse correlations, were established. It was established that the most loaded parameters of juniors’ self-attitudes are “self-acceptance” (SAc) with six correlations and “result-focused motivational orientation” (RsM) with seven correlations. Significant superiority of a high level of self-acceptance (Group 1) was determined by all the parameters of juniors’ motivational orientation. It was emphasized that superiority by such parameters of self-attitude as “self-management” (U = 1656.50; р = .031) and “self-acceptance” (U = 1448.00; р <.001) testifies to the significance of self-management and self-acceptance for junior athletes. It was underscored that continuous negative emotions, even in juniors with high personal achievements, are capable of destroying sports success, which is indicated by the only significant superiority of Group 4 (low levels of RsM) by the parameter “self-blame” (U = 1502.00; р <.001). Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that the research into the phenomenon of self-attitude in the structure of motivational orientation is the study of reflective characteristics of junior athletes’ self-awareness aimed at achieving optimal sports results in training, competitive, and recovery activities. The development of reflective abilities, the improvement of self-regulation readiness and the formation of self-attitude have a direct correlation with motivational orientation, which can have a positive effect on performance in sporting activities. It was recommended that the obtained scientific results should be implemented in the educational and training process of sports schools for children and youth.
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    RE-ADAPTATION OF JUNIOR ATHLETES TO COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY AFTER A FORCED BREAK
    (2024) Popovych, I. S.; Burlakova, I.; Omelianiuk, S.; Kornienko, V.; Kondes, T.; Kharytonova, N.; Zavatska, N.; Hoian, I.; Попович, І. С.
    This study aims to perform a theoretical and empirical analysis to identify psychological factors, establish key correlations, and determine the differences in junior athletes’ re-adaptation to competitive activity after a forced break. Methods: The research involved 36 junior athletes from both individual and team sports, representing sports schools for children and youth – “LSSCY Enerhetyk” (Lviv, Ukraine), “SSSYOR №1” (Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine), and junior academies of professional football and handball clubs from Kherson and Mykolaiv. A forced break in competitive activity was the primary criterion for participant selection. Valid and reliable psycho-diagnostic tools, previously tested in sports studies, were employed. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in the re-adaptive capacity parameters across the examined junior samples. An algorithm for creating a profile to assess junior athletes’ ability to re-adapt is proposed. It considerably simplifies the management of recovery process and is capable of increasing the accuracy of planning competitive activities. It was established that the following parameters are the most dependent parameters of re-adaptation (three correlations for each): “adaptability”, “acceptance of others” and “internality”. The most dependent coping strategies (five correlations for each) are as follows: “problem-solving planning” and “escape–avoidance”. It was explained that the strongest direct correlation of “internality” with the coping strategy “problem-solving planning” (rs = .549; p <.001) testifies that the efforts made by the re-adapting individual have the greatest re- adapting effect. It was found that the opposite effect is in the correlation between “emotional comfort” and the coping strategy “escape–avoidance” (rs = -.525; p = .001) which is the most undesirable combination at the stage of re-adaptation. Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that juniors’ re-adaptation to competitive activity after a forced break is the return of athletes to active training and competitive processes in order to resume a sporting career. It was noted that the comparison of two groups with low and high levels of the parameters of re-adaptation confirmed that adaptive capacity and internal orientation towards problem-solving is the most effective combination of juniors’ competences at the stage of re-adaptation to competitive activity after a forced break. It was summarized that re-adaptation is an important scientific problem in research into sporting activities which requires empirical study and implementation of effective practices in sporting activities
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    RESEARCH ON HUBRISTIC MOTIVATION AND JUNIORS’ SELF-EFFICACY IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXTS
    (2024) Omelianiuk, S.; Popovych, I. S.; Domina, H.; Sedykh, K.; Hoian, I.; Kovalchuk, Z.; Petraniuk, A.; Попович, І. С.
    This study aims to explore and substantiate correlations between hubristic motivation and parameters such as subject activity, interpersonal communication, and the drive to achieve sports results among juniors. Methods: Valid and reliable tools previously tested in sports studies involving junior samples were employed. Standard statistical coefficients were used to establish significant correlations and identify differences. Results: Hubristic motivation among juniors was examined through two dimensions—desire for perfection (DP) and desire for superiority (DS)—highlighting their impact on juniors' self-efficacy, characterized by maximalist tendencies and confidence in achieving competitive success, influencing both formal and content aspects of sporting activities. A statistical advantage of juniors in team sports (Group 1) by the parameter “desire for perfection” and the advantage of juniors in individual sports (Group 2) by the parameter “desire for superiority” were established. It was explained that team educational-training work, learning technical schemes and practicing them in training make athletes concentrate on improving their technique and constantly ascertain that a sports result depends on well-coordinated team work. Accordingly, individual sports work can take much time to analyze and compare oneself with real or probable competitors, therefore, the desire for superiority rationally and intuitively becomes dominant. It was stated that the correlation between the desire for perfection and subject activity is the strongest one. It is logical that improvement of one’s mastery is a direct way to self-efficacy and a victory result. It was established that there was no correlation between the desire for perfection and the parameter of self-efficacy “interpersonal communication”. Discussion and conclusions: It was explained that efficacy facilitates friendly and warm relationships in communication and can lower requirements for oneself and teammates in practicing tactical schemes in training. It was summarized that hubristic motivation as a dichotomous unity of the desire for perfection and the desire for superiority is one of important psychological mechanisms of the formation of a junior athlete’s personality and organization of a junior’s motivation structure.
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    IMPACT OF EMOTIONALITY AND LOCUS OF CONTROL ON ATHLETES’ MOTIVATION FOR SUCCESS ACHIEVEMENT AND FAILURE AVOIDANCE IN INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
    (2024) Popovych, I.; Bokhonkova, Y.; Sokolova, H.; Forostian, О.; Rodchenkova, I.; Yurkiv, Y.; Korniienko, I.; Попович, I.
    This study aimed to identify statistically significant parameters regarding the influence of emotionality and locus of control on athletes' motivation for success achievement and failure avoidance in individual sports. The sample consisted of athletes participating in individual sports (n = 123) with a mean age of 23 (Me = 23; M = 23.19; SD = ±2.92), representing disciplines such as artistic gymnastics, track and field, weightlifting, freestyle wrestling, and boxing. Among the participants were medalists and winners of regional, national, international, and Olympic sports competitions. Methods. The methods verified in sports studies allowed measuring a number of parameters of emotionality and locus-control, and also two dependent variables – motivation for achieving success and avoiding failure. Statistically significant differences were identified by standard coefficients. Results. It was empirically established that both dependent variables have a considerable number of statistically significant correlations (p ≤ .050; p ≤ .010): motivation for achieving success has eight correlations, motivation for avoiding failure has seven correlations. It was found that three parameters – “athletes’ emotional stability”, “area of athletes’ achievements” and “athletes’ health and illnesses” correlate significantly with both motivations: motivation for achieving success (MAS) and motivation for avoiding failure (MAF). Diametrically opposite correlations of the parameters “athletes’ interpersonal relationships” with MAS (rxy = -.235; p=.041) and MAF (rxy = .215; p = .045) and “athletes’ sporting activities” with MAS (rxy = .623; p = .041) and MAF (rxy = -.238; p=.042) were established. Discussion and conclusions. It was generalized that emotional stability (ES) and emotional arousal (EA) are important parameters of athletes’ emotionality, whose constructive realization is within the scope of emotional intelligence (EQ) and has a statistically significant impact on motivation and achievement of victory. It was explained that support for emotional positive relationships in domination of motivation for achieving success can have a negative effect on athletes’ concentration. Such relationships can be a defense mechanism, emotional comfort and psychological relief in difficult situations of sporting activities in case of domination of motivation for avoiding failure. It was proved that emotionality and locus-control affect motivation for achieving success and avoiding failure of athletes in individual sports. The obtained results are characterized by scientific novelty and can arouse interest in everyone who is involved in training and competition processes of athletes in individual sports.
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    PRE-COMPETITION EXPECTATION PROFILES AMONG JUNIOR ATHLETES IN THE CONTEXT OF ALTERED SPORTING CONDITIONS
    (2023) Popovych, I. S.; Kosmii, M.; Hrys, A.; Hoi, N.; Dyhun, I.; Hoian, I.; Nosov, P.; Попович, І. С.
    The primary aim of this research was to empirically examine and substantiate the of various pre-competition expectations exhibited by junior athletes, particularly in light of altering conditions within a sporting contest.The study involved a cohort of adolescents (n=267) (Мe=16; М=16.32; SD=±1.71). The participants were representatives of team sports such as football and volleyball, as well as individual sports such as artistic gymnastics and track and field. The empirical investigation focused on junior athletes enrolled in an educational training course at two sports schools: “LSSCY Enerhetyk” in Lviv, Ukraine and “SSSYOR №1” in Ivano- Frankivsk, Ukraine. Methods. Psychodiagnostic tools were employed to gauge the content parameters of both expectations and the concept of a safe competition space. Standard coefficients were applied to discern statistically significant correlations within the collected data. The categorization of pre-competition expectations was accomplished through the application of k-means clustering. Results. This research established statistically significant correlations cognitive, emotional and behavioral components of psychological safety and expectation parameters underscoring the pivotal influence of both the competition space and pre-competition expectations on actual competitive performance. The delineation of five distinct precompetition expectation types emerged: real (RTE), active analytical (AATE), moderate (MTE), passive moderate (PMTE) and unreal (UTE). The findings provided robust evidence supporting that RTE, AATE and MTE constitute favorable expectation types, contributing positively to desired outcomes. In contrast, PMTE and UTE were identified as negative types, exhibiting a detrimental impact on achieving desirable results. Notably, the study demonstrated and substantiated the heightened risk associated with PMTE establishing it as the most perilous type of expectation for athletes engaged in competitive activities. Discussion and conclusions. This study revealed a significant negative correlation, particularly the cognitive component of psychological safety (CC), with expected status (ESA). This finding underscores the increased risk associated with this psychological configuration because it promotes a closed convergent position with subsequent distancing. Such a psychological state, coupled with a diminished awareness of competition activity (ACA), consistently leads to tactical errors in both offensive and defensive actions among athletes. These errors, in turn, disrupt team interaction and hinder the execution of a game plan. It was generalized that the identified precompetition expectation types among junior athletes, especially under altering sporting conditions, carry a distinctive scientific novelty. Moreover, these findings can be practically operationalized in the realm of educational training preparation.
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    IMPACT OF PSYCHOGENIC FACTORS ON MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATION OF JUNIOR ATHLETES
    (2023) Popovych, I. S.; Koval, I.; Zavatska, N.; Hoi, N.; Shchyruk, I.; Domina, H.; Zinchenko, S.; Попович, І. С.
    The purpose of the empirical research is to find out the impact of psychogenic factors on motivational orientation of junior athletes. The study identified differences in the psychological content parameters reflecting psychogenic factors of junior athletes by high and low levels. The research involved juniors (n=75) (Мe=17; М=17.23; SD=±1.67) representing the following football clubs (n=43): FC “Krystal” (Kherson, Ukraine), FC “Riatuvalnyk” (Mykolaiv, Ukraine), FC “Enerhiia” (Lviv, Ukraine) and juniors (n=32) of handball clubs “Dniprianka” (Kherson, Ukraine) and “Real” (Mykolaiv, Ukraine). Methods: the selected methods, which are reliable and sensitive to the research subject, allowed measuring the research parameters relevantly, ensured external and internal validity. In addition, purposeful observation with entering data in standard reports was used. Statistically significant differences were found by means of standard coefficients. Results. It was empirically established and substantiated that there are dominant negative statistically significant correlations (р<.050; р<.010) of depressiveness (D), neuro-psychic tension (NPT), situational reactive anxiety (SRA) and personal anxiety (PA), spontaneous (Scale II) and reactive aggressiveness (Scale VII) with all the parameters of motivational orientation of junior athletes: subject-directed (Sb); result-directed (R), socially directed (Sc) and personally directed motivational orientation (P). A positive correlation of neuro-psychic tension (NPT) and spontaneous aggressiveness (Scale II) is accounted for by an impact on socially directed motivational orientation. It was proved that there are statistically significant differences between the respondents with a high level of the parameters reflecting psychogenic factors and the subgroup of respondents with a low level. Thirteen statistically significant differences were registered (p≤.050; p≤.010). The study highlights that subject-directed motivational orientation (Sb) is the most dependent on the level of development of the parameters reflecting psychogenic factors. Discussion and conclusions. It was substantiated that the suggested summative research strategy with elements of comparison of the examined variables confirmed its efficiency. The applied methods, which are sensitive to the research subject, allowed establishing and substantiating statistically significant differences. The obtained results should be taken into consideration by coaches in physical and tactical-technical training for the representatives of team sports
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    DISPOSITIONAL MENTAL STATES OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED UNIVERSITY TEACHERS UNDER MARTIAL LAW: GENDER DIFFERENCES
    (2023) Popovych, I. S.; Hudimova, A.; Bokhonkova, Yu.; Savchuk, O.; Hoian, I.; Shevchenko, N. F.; Попович, І. С.
    Aim. The empirical study of gender differences in the dispositional mental states of university teachers who were internally displaced during martial law. Methods. A combined research strategy was used, integrating the methods for comparing samples of female and male participants. The different types of dispositional mental states of the respondents were identified by the author’s methodology for the study of dominant mental states. Results. It was discovered that the respondents’ psychological content parameters showed statistically significant gender-based differences. Group 1 prevailed in terms of anxiety (U = 855.0; p = .000). Group 2 prevailed in terms of self-control (U = 975.0; p = .001); awareness of events (U = 707.5; p = .000); expected attitude (U = 1074.0; p = .006); expected result (U = 1067.0; p = .006) and psychological wellbeing (U = 1113.5; p = .014). The dispositional mental states of a female sample of internally displaced university teachers were represented by five components with a total variation of Σd = 74.527%. The male sample had four factors with a total variation Σd = 94.442%. It was stated that there were significant differences between the dispositional mental states of female and male teachers in terms of formal characteristics and content loading of components. Conclusions. The scientific value of empirical facts about the dispositional mental states of university teachers who were internally displaced as a result of wartime action is justified. The importance of incorporating the discovered results into scientific and educational processes is emphasised.
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    PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF FATIGUE OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS
    (2023) Shcherbak, T.; Popovych, I. S.; Kariyev, A.; Duisenbayeva, A.; Huzar, V.; Hoian, I.; Kyrychenko, K.; Попович, І. С.
    The purpose of the research is to find out empirically and theoretically substantiate the psychological causes of football players’ fatigue. Methods. The ascertaining strategy of research and ranking of parameters has been applied. Valid and reliable psychodiagnostic methods have been used to measure parameters of professional maladjustment, self-assessment of psychophysiological state, differentiated assessment of performance, and the level of football players’ emotional burnout. Results. It was found that the high level of football player’s fatigue from the training-competitive cycle has been caused by a decrease in the efficiency of their psycho-functional systems: emotional changes (R=.920); a decrease in general activity (R=.810); a decrease in motivation to activity (R=.824); features of certain mental processes (R=.549); features of social interaction (R=.891). It has been shown that with a decrease in the indicators of the psychophysiological state, the feeling of fatigue increases: well-being (R=-.812); activity (R=-.840). As well as in relation to motivational factors of the appearance of fatigue: interest in sports (R=-.869); willingness to perform tasks (R=-.816). A statistically reliable inverse relationship has been established between all indicators of the psychophysiological state and predictors of fatigue: monotony, oversaturation, stress. It has been empirically established and explained that the drop in the level of football players’ performance, as a result of fatigue, can be caused by external negative influences: experiencing psycho-traumatic circumstances (R=.924); “being cornered” (R=.896); a desire to curtail professional activity: reduction of professional duties (R=.936); changes in team’s psychological climate: personal alienation (R=.924); changes in the emotional sphere: anxiety and depression (R=.882); inadequate selective emotional response (R=.867); emotional moral disorientation (R=.904); expansion of the sphere of emotional economy (R=.918); emotional deficit (R=.870); emotional alienation (R=.896). Discussion and conclusions. It has been summarized that football players with pronounced parameters of fatigue are much more often characterized by a deterioration in well-being, namely changes in the emotional sphere, a decrease in general activity and course of mental processes. At the same time, they are characterized by separate somatic vegetative disorders in sleep, peculiarities in social relations. In sports activities, they demonstrate reduced motivation and, accordingly, the lack of interest and motivation provokes a feeling of fatigue. It has been empirically found that the respondent football players with a pronounced feeling of fatigue demonstrate a high level of desire to stop their training and competition activities. These football players feel bored with monotonous, same-type activities and seek to change activity or diversify it.
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    ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ВИВЧЕННЯ МІГРАЦІЙНОЇ ГОТОВНОСТІ
    (2010) Блинова, О. Є.
    У статті аналізується поняття «міграційної готовності». Установка людини на зміну регіону проживання розглядається як спосіб подолання кризи ідентичності, що відображає депривацію потреби особистості у самореалізації у своїй країні. Міграційна готовність розуміється як складне інтегральне утворення в єдності когнітивних, емоційних, мотиваційних та поведінкових компонентів. The notion of «migrational readiness» is analyzed in the article. The aim of a person to change the region of living is viewed as a means of overcoming the identity crisis, reflecting deprivation of a person’s need of self-realization in his own country. Migrational readiness is understood as a complicated integral formation combining cognitive, emotional, motivational and behavioral components.