ТРАДИЦИЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЙ ГОТИКИ В МАЛОЙ ПРОЗЕ АЛЕКСАНДРА ГРИНА

Abstract

У статті розглянуто риси готичної поетики в малій прозі О. Гріна першої третини ХХ ст. Виявлено такі готичні мотиви, як femme fatale, двійництва, мотив дзеркала, простежено просторові й темпоральні топоси, образи перевертнів, пов'язаних із містичними явищами. Особлива увага приділена художнім прийомам створення атмосфери «жаху й таємниць», що традиційно маркує літературну готику, виявлена їх специфіка в малій прозі О. Гріна. The article deals with the transformation of the Gothic tradition in the short stories “Ratcatcher” (1924), “Boarded-up House” (1924), “Grey Car” (1925) by A. Grin. Such parameters of the Gothic canon as story organization, motive structure associated with the chronotope, ethical conflict, specific character (the villain), situation of the invasion of the supernatural into the reality that is essential to the Gothic style, special atmosphere of “fear and horror” became the initial model for analysis. It is traced that in A. Grin's dialogue with the literary Gothic style different variants of its development are presented – from inheritance, transformation of separate motifs and images to parodying of the Gothic canon, that testifies its ironic rethinking. Traditional topos for classical Gothic style is a mysterious castle, a monastery with mysterious past, but in A. Grin's stories it is modified into an abandoned house, a mysterious detached house, an empty room where fantastic, sometimes dangerous events for the characters take place. The author also “plays” with the Gothic canon, creating his own version of “the comic gothic style”. The article reveals a complex of motifs and images referring to classical and romantic Gothic style, but modified by the author in his individual poetics. These are motifs of the struggle between the Good and the Evil, God and Devil, the motive of femme fatale, the motive of the demonic double, the motive of the living and the dead, the fantastic motive of the coming alive of the inanimate, the traditional motive for the Gothic style of contract with the infernal forces, the Medieval motive of the quickening statue as the destroyer of Christian souls. The Gothic tradition is realized in the images of Ratcatcher, wolfman rats, “wax doll”, image-symbols of the labyrinth, ladder, bridge and river as the border between life and death, real and fantastic. The author creates the atmosphere of fear, mystery, dark premonitions, coincidences, caused by the invasion of the supernatural into the real world, that also indicates his inheritage of the Gothic canon.