THEORETICAL BASES OF RECOVERY OF ATHLETES AFTER INJURIES AND OPERATIONS

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze modern methods and strategies for the restoration of athletes after injuries and operations, as well as to evaluate their effectiveness based on practical research. Object and research methods. Analysis of scientific literature and modern research in the field of rehabilitation of athletes. Review of medical, physical and innovative methods of recovery of athletes. Results. According to many researchers, sports competitions are one of the most dangerous in terms of injury to the musculoskeletal system. Sport is leading the number of injuries, mainly due to rapid changes in the movement during the game and the need to make quick and effective decisions in a limited time. In addition to physical training, athletes are subjected to considerable neurological and psychological stress during competitions, accompanied by intense emotional experiences. This is due to, in particular, physical contact, frequent jumps, sprints and sharp turns, which often contribute to the occurrence of sports injuries. Experienced athletes who compete at a high level of more than 10 years are most injured. The main purpose of the rehabilitation process is to reduce the degree of injury, reduce or restore disorders and func- tional losses, as well as prevent, correct or completely eliminate disability. The rehabilitation process is overseen by a multidisciplinary team, which includes a doctor, sports doctors, physical therapists, orthopedists, physiotherapists, rehabilitologists, physical educators, sports coaches, psychologists and nutri- tionists. The team works with the athlete and the trainer to determine the goals of rehabilitation, evaluate progress and set the time of return to training and competitions. Proper goals are key to sports rehabilitation, as it can significantly speed up the recovery process after injury. The goals should be clearly defined, measured and formulated in specific behavioral terms. Studies show that goals should be ambitious but achievable. It is important to focus on short -term goals as steps to achieve long -term results. Psychological recovery involves working on adaptation to changes in physical condition and new training condi- tions. Athletes need to learn to adapt to new or altered physical abilities and find new strategies to achieve high results. This may include adaptation of exercise technique, changing training strategies, or even developing new sports skills. The psychological component of rehabilitation includes aspects of restoring self -confidence. The gradual achievement of realistic goals, positive reinforcements and achievement of intermediate successes help to restore confidence. The reha- bilitation program should include tasks that gradually increase the complexity, allowing the athlete to experience gradual progress. Improving the quality of the rehabilitation process and, as a consequence, the success of the return of athletes to active sports activities is influenced by reasonable recommendations for the use of various methods of recovery in sports practice used to develop individualized rehabilitation programs. Conclusions. Successful restoration of athletes after injuries involves a comprehensive approach that covers both physical and psychological aspects. Interaction between physical and psychological components of rehabilitation helps athletes not only to restore their physical form, but also to return to competitions with new confidence and motivation.