Факультет фізичного виховання та спорту
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Item СТАН ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ НЕЙРОДИНАМІЧНИХ ТА ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ СЕНСОРНОДЕПРИВОВАНИХ УЧНІВ(2023) Спринь, О. Б.; Голяка, С. К.; Стамат, О. Є.; Spryn, O. B.; Holiaka, S. K.; Stamat, O. Ye.У статті розглядається питання вивчення швидкості сенсомоторного реагування, індивідуально-типологічних властивостей ВНД, психофізіологічних функцій пам’яті та уваги в учнів 15-16 років зі слуховою і зоровою сенсорною депривацією. Виявлено, що група дітей з вадами зору характеризувалася відносно кращими показниками швидкості слухо-моторних реакцій, група дітей з вадами слуху - швидкістю зорово-моторних реакцій. З’ясовано, що серед групи дітей із слухосенсорною депривацією та учнів контрольної групи у більшій мірі властиві відносно вищі показники ФРНП та СНП, ніж учням з вадами зору. Встановлено, що відносно вищими показниками психофізіологічних функцій характеризувалися учні контрольної групи, окрім показника обсягу короткочасної пам’яті на геометричні фігури та обсягу уваги, де вищими показниками характеризувалися група дітей зі слуховою деприваією. Introduction. In the modern world, the body of children and adolescents is under the influence of an increasing amount of information loads. An important role during information processing belongs not only to cortical processes, but also to a certain number of subcortical structures, which makes it necessary to more widely investigate cortico-visceral mechanisms of regulation of human psychomotor activity. Previously, the study of psychomotor skills, as well as information processing, was accompanied by studies based on obtaining vegetative indicators of various functional systems, but recently significant attention has also been paid to studies of the organization of bioelectrical processes of the brain, the study of neurodynamic and psychophysiological functions. The purpose of the study is to study the properties of the main nervous processes and higher mental functions, as well as to identify the neuropsychophysiological features of visual information processing in people with visual and hearing impairment. Methods. The study was conducted among 95 students aged 15-16 years. They were divided into three groups: a control group (healthy students), a group of children with hearing impairments, and a group of children with visual impairments. The speed of sensorimotor reactions, individual-typological properties of HNA, were studied using the "Diagnost-1M" computer system, properties of memory and attention using blank methods. Results. When studying the features of individual psychophysiological functions of children with sensory deprivation, it is observed that the group of children with visual impairments was characterized by relatively better indicators of latent periods of auditory-motor reactions, while the group of children with hearing impairments is characterized by relatively better indicators of latent periods of visualmotor reactions. In the majority of the group of children with auditory-sensory deprivation and students of the control group, there were more individuals with a higher than average level of functional mobility of nervous processes, while in the group of students with visual deprivation, children with low indicators of functional mobility of nervous processes were more often observed. The working capacity of the brain, which was determined by the indicators of the number of signal processing in 2 minutes, as well as the time of going to the minimum exposure, turned out to be relatively higher than the similar indicators of the group of children with hearing deprivation and, especially, of the group of children with visual impairments. Most students of all groups are characterized by a predominance of excitement over inhibition. When studying the scope of short-term memory and attention, we found that the students of the control group were characterized by relatively higher indicators, except for the indicator of the volume of short-term memory for geometric shapes and the volume of attention, where the group of children with hearing deprivation was characterized by higher indicators. Conclusions. The study of the features of the sensorimotor response, the properties of the main nervous processes plays an important role in assessing the functional state of the body, contributes to the understanding of the physiological mechanisms of the integrative activity of the brain of children with visual and hearing impairments. Differences in indicators of the properties of neurodynamic functions can be seen in the development of compensatory reactions aimed at replacing the impaired function: in groups of sensorydeprived children, the process of compensation of the lost function of one analyzer at the expense of another is noted.Item PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN PERSONALITY TRAITS AND PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF THE YOUNG GYMNASTS OF THE VARIETY AND CIRCUS STUDIO(2019) SHALAR, O. G.; HUZAR, V.; STRYKALENKO, Ye.; YUSKIV, S.; HOMENKO, V.; NOVOKSHANOVA, A.; Шалар, О. Г.; Гузар, В. М.; Стрикаленко, Є. А.The success in sports activities is determined by taking into account the individual characteristics of young athletes in conjunction with the development of certain physical qualities and with the improvement of technology. Aim: the identification of the relationship between the properties of the person and the physical qualities of young gymnasts. Materials and methods: the investigation continued during the years 2016-2018 and was conducted among young girls gymnasts of the variety and circus studio "Jin Roh" of Kherson between 10 and 12 years old inclusive. The methods of observation and of mathematical statistics were used, the levels of development of physical abilities and moral-volitional qualities of young gymnasts were estimated. Results: according to the results of the study it was found that the concentration of attention, moral and will characteristics are inextricably linked, both with the development of physical qualities, and with the success of sports-competitive activities. By the Pearson correlation coefficient a quite significant association was found between the physical qualities and motivation (r = 0,69). And between physical abilities and the properties of attention and the will of young gymnasts r = 0,55 and 0,53, in accordance. Conclusions: it was found that the girls who were the first on the rating of development of special physical abilities had high indicators of motivational and volitional characteristics, high concentration of attention and did not need a strong need for approval; and vice versa - girls with weak indicators of physical fitness had distracted attention and low motivational and volitional individual properties.Item ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ ВІДБІР У КАРАТЕ(2017) Шалар, О. Г.; Shalar, O. G.; Дніщенко, М. В.; Dnischenko, M.; Хоменко, В. В.; Khomenko, V.У статті досліджено властивості нервової системи, психічних процесів та тривожності юних каратистів. Учасниками дослідження були діти від 6 до 12 років у кількості 20 осіб, які займаються традиційним годзю рю карате до у змішаних вікових групах. Встановлено, що більшість юних каратистів має сильну врівноважену та рухливу нервову систему, відрізняються помірною особистою та реактивною тривожністю. Значна кількість юних каратистів має проблеми з переключенням уваги та оперативною пам'яттю. The article investigates the properties of the nervous system, mental processes and anxiety of young karatekas. Participants of the study were children aged 6 to 12 years in the number of 20 people who are engaged in traditional goju ryu karate in mixed age groups. It is established that most young karate players have a strong balanced and mobile nervous system, differ in moderate personal and reactive anxiety. A significant number of young karate players have problems with switching attention and RAM.